HS4Air’s Heathrow and Gatwick Tunnels And Stations
One of the details I like about the HS4Air proposal is that the HS4Air tracks cross both Heathrow and Gatwick Airports at right-angles to the existing rail routes through the airports.
In my experience, stations with this layout, make for an easy interchange.
I suspect, the Heathrow and Gatwick Tunnels will be very deep under the airports, which will mean the following.
- They won’t disturb the existing airport.
- All the existing Crossrail design and construction expertise will be useful.
- The station could be as large as needed, with through and terminal platforms.
The stations will have lifts, escalators and travelators all over the place to connect to the existing airport terminals.
Heathrow
The Heathrow HS4Air station could have direct services all over the place.
For many getting to Euston or Paddington to perhaps take a train to Swansea can be a pain, but if Heathrow develops a proper local transport network based on Crossrail and proposals like Heathrow Southern Railway, this will be much easier.
Heathrow Airport could become a massive High Speed Rail Hub buried under the existing Airport.
Gatwick
Gatwick Airport is already an excellent Rail-Hub between London and the South Coast.
HS4Air would mainly add fast connections to Heathrow and HS1.
I suspect that Gatwick would have a smaller number of terminal platforms than Heathrow.
Conclusion
These two stations will be massive building projects, which using the expertise gained from other similar projects, will not disrupt anything on the surface.
Latest On The New London Overground Class 710 Trains
The August 2018 Edition of Modern Railways has a two-page article on the latest on the new Class 710 trains for the London Overground.
Seating Arrangement
Wikipedia says this about the seating.under Background And Specifications.
The units will be delivered in two sub-classes; an AC-only version with longitudinal and transverse seating (very similar to the S8 units on the Metropolitan line of the London Underground) for use on the West Anglia and Romford-Upminster services, and a dual-voltage version with longitudinal seating for the Watford DC and GOBLIN services.
But it now appears that all the seats on the trains will be longitudinal ones.
I use the current trains a lot to go to Walthamstow and I also use the Class 378 trains, which have longitudinal seats, frequently on the North and East London Lines of the Overground.
I probably aren’t bothered too much about longitudinal seats, but I suspect there will be others who will complain.
This discussion of RailForums is entitled Annoying Things About The Class 378. Search for “seat” and you don’t find many complaints about the longitudinal seating, which is also used on much of the Underground.
On the other hand, if all the trains have identical interiors, this must save on construction and maintenance costs.
If the interiors are basically similar to the Class 378 trains, it must also save on staff training costs.
I actually think, that the biggest complaint will not be about the new trains, but why don’t the older Class 378 trains have wi-fi and USB charging points!
Eight-Car Trains On West Anglia Routes
The article also states that services on West Anglia routes to Cheshunt, Chingford and Enfield Town stations will work as eight-car trains or a pair of four-car trains.
If they are always working in pairs, why not build them as eight-car trains in the first place?
In A Detailed Layout Drawing For A Class 345 Train, I said that the formation of a Class 345 train for Crossrail is as follows.
DMS+PMS+MS1+MS3+TS(W)+MS3+MS2+PMS+DMS
Note.that the train is composed of two identical half-trains, which are separated by the TS(W) car.
As the Modern Railways article says that these trains are to be the last to be delivered, would it not be sensible to fully understand the four-car units and then decide if instead of pairs of four-car units, they were built as eight-cars.
Consider.
- Trains would be formed of identical four-car half-trains.
- An eight-car Class 710 train would be nearly fifty metres shorter than a nine-car Class 345 train.
- Passengers would be able to walk through the whole train.
- Passengers can position themselves for their best exit at their destination station.
- Would passenger security be better on a train, where passengers could walk all the way through?
- I have seen drivers on Class 345 trains change ends inside the train
- Aventras and other modern trains are fitted with intelligent control systems, that determine the number and type of the intermediate cars in the train.
- Two Driving Motor Standard Cars (DMS) would be replaced with simpler Trailer Standard (TS) or Motor Standard (MS) cars.
- The choice of a TS or MS car would depend partly on performance issues, which could be tested with the earlier four-car trains.
- Building and maintenance cost savings by reducing the number of driving cars, must be possible.
- Capacity could be increased by adding cars in the middle, if platforms were long enough!
- Would providing overnight stabling for fifteen eight-car trains be easier than for thirty four-car trains?
It should also be noted, Cheshunt station has a very long platform without a roof. Passengers could walk to the front of the train inside a warm dry train. This already happens with the Class 378 trains at Highbury & Islington station.
Romford-Upminster Shuttle
The Modern Railways article says this about the service on the Romford-Upminster Line.
TfL is still considering whether to utilise a ‘710’ on the Romford to Upminster shuttle or to retain an older unit for the line.
I wrote about this in A Heritage Class 315 Train For The Romford-Upminster Line, after this article in London Reconnections, which is entitled More Trains for London Overground: A Bargain Never to be Repeated, said that it is possible that this line could be served by a Class 315 train, held back from the scrapyard.
I came to this conclusion.
If it is decided that a Class 315 train is to be used on the Romford to Upminster Line, I believe that the service could be marketed as a quirky heritage unit, that in conjunction with its main purpose of providing a public service, could also be used for other education, training, marketing, innovation and research purposes.
Eversholt Rail Group might even shift a few redundant Class 315 trains!
Why not?
Chingford Upgrades
The Modern Railways article says this.
A £7million investment has seen the stabling facility at Chingford upgraded, including the addition of an AVIS-scanner here as well.
These pictures show the investment.
With the Automatic Vehicle Inspection System (AVIS), Chingford is becoming more than a stabling facility.
Note the large maintenance structure, so that trains can be worked on in the dry.
A Few Questions Of My Own
I have a few of my own questions.
If The Thirty Four-Car Trains For West Anglia Routes Are Converted To Eight-Cars, What Happens To The Spare Driving Motor Cars?
If the thirty four-car trains are converted to fifteen eight-car trains, it appears to me that Bombardier could have at best many of the long-lead components for thirty Driving Motor Standard (DMS) cars. At worst, they would have thirty DMS cars for Class 710 trains.
But London Overground will have need for a few more trains in a few years.
In Increased Frequencies On The East London Line, I showed this London Overground table of improvements.
Note that two extra tph are proposed on the Liverpool Street to Enfield Town service. I calculate, that this would need another two Class 710 Trains.
Similarly, to add two tph to the Liverpool Street to Cheshunt service, would appear to need another three trains.
The Mayor is also looking favourably at creating the West London Orbital Railway.
I estimate that the two proposed routes would need around four trains each to provide a four tph service, if they could be run using dual-voltage Class 710 trains with a range of perhaps ten miles on battery power.
What Is Happening About The Hall Farm Curve?
I heard from someone, who should know, that the Hall Farm Curve and the Coppermill Curve will be reinstated.
These curves would allow the following.
- A direct service between Chingford/Walthamstow and Stratford.
- Better access to the upgraded stabling at Chingford.
But I think these curves would be invaluable in maintaining services, during the construction of Crossrail 2.
Will A Bay Platform Be Developed At Lea Bridge Station?
I also wonder if a bay platform will be developed at Lea Bridge station, which would enable a four tph service to be run between Lea Bridge and Chingford stations, if Chingford Branch trains couldn’t get into Liverpool Street station, because of construction works.
I certainly feel that the curves connecting the lines at Coppermill Junction will have a major part to play in the development of East London’s railways.
HS4Air Between Gatwick Airport And Ashford
This map clipped from the Expedition Engineering web site, shows the route of HS4Air between Gatwick Airport and Ashford International station.
The route reuses the existing railway between Ashford International and Edenbridge (Kent) stations.
From Gatwick Airport To Edenbridge
This Google Map shows the countryside between Gatwick and Edenbridge.
According to the first map, the Gatwick Tunnel emerges to the East of the M23 Motorway, which runs North-South down the left side of the map.
It probably emerges South of the Airport spur from the M23 and then it would travel on the surface to Edenbridge (Kent) station, which is in the North East corner of the map.
It looks to be a very challenging route, although there are several industrial sites scattered between the M23 and Lingfield, which is perhaps halfway between the motorway and Edenbridge.
This Google Map shows Edenbridge (Kent) station with the Redhill-Tonbridge Line passing through.
It would appear that the engineering could be reasonably attainable, but getting the natives on-side might not be so easy.
It’s not as though the residents between Edenbridge and Gatwick will get much benefit from HS4Air.
From Edenbridge To Ashford
This line has the following characteristics.
- It is around forty miles long.
- It is almost straight.
- It is double track.
- There are several stops.
- There is a maximum speed of 100 mph
It doesn’t appear to have many more than about four trains per hour (tph) in both directions.
Very little has been said about how HS4Air will transform the line, except that it will be upgraded to a high speed line.
The only information of value is that Ashford to Gatwick will take 25 minutes.
How far would a train go in that time at various speeds?
- 100 mph – 42 miles
- 125 mph – 52 miles
- 140 mph – 58 miles
As the route between Edenbridge and Gatwick is probably around a dozen miles, it would appear that a well-designed 125 mph route could enable the time quoted by HS4Air.
Local Stations On The High Speed Line
I’ll take Penshurst station as an example.
This Google Map shows the station.
Note that it is very simple with a platform on each line.
Currently, it gets a single tph in both directions.
HS4Air would probably mean that at least another four tph, passed through the station at 125 mph.
It could be argued that this could cause safety problems.
On the other hand, there are many stations in the UK, where local trains stop and expresses go through at 125 mph.
Platform-edge doors would be a difficult and expensive solution, but why not make access to the platform only possible, when a train is stopping?
Looking at Penshurst station, this station also needs some more facilities, like a fully accessible footbridge.
Conclusion
The Gatwick to Ashford section can be converted into a 125 mph route, which would give a time of 25 minutes between the two stations.
However, I do think there will have to be a lot of political leverage to get it built.
HS4Air Between Heathrow And Gatwick Airports
In terms of the number of trains, the route between Heathrow and Gatwick Airports could be one of the businest section of HS4Air.
This map clipped from the Expedition Engineering web site, shows the route of HS4Air between the two airports.
Note that in addition to the tunnels under the two airports, there is another tunnel through sensitive parts of Surrey.
Heathrow Southern Railway And The Southern Portal Of HS4Air’s Heathrow Tunnel
This Google Map shows the first section of the route South from Heathrow.
The two motorways are.
- The M25 goes roughly North-South.
- The M3 goes roughly East-West
I said in HS4Air’s Connections To HS2, The Great Western Main Line And Heathrow, that it appears that HS4Air’s Heathrow Tunnel will emerge somewhere just South of where the motorways meet.
The station in the South-East corner is Addlestone on the Chertsey Branch Line.
Follow the line Northward and Chertsey station is visible.
Heathrow Southern Railway intend to use this branch as part of their proposal to create access from the South into Heathrow.
From Chertsey, their route would follow to the East of the M25 and then use a short East-West tunnel to connect into Heathrow Terminal 5.
This Google Map shows the Chertsey Branch Line, where it crosses the M25.
The Chertsey Branch Line goes diagonally across the map from Chertsey station in the South-East corner to the North-West corner.
A Junction just before the Chertsey Branch crosses the M25 would connect to the new railway running on the East side of the M25, towards Heathrow.
So that HS4Air and the Heathrow Southern Railway avoid each other, it would appear that the Southern portal of HS4Air’s Heathrow Tunnel must be to the South of the Chertsey Branch.
Onward To Junction 11 Of The M25
If HS4Air, then followed the M25, it could probably be squeezed in as far as a short distance past Junction 11.
This Google Map shows the section of the M25 around junction 11.
Junction 11 to 12 Of The M25
The first map, shows HS4Air following the M25 and passing over the M25/A3 junction.
This Google Map shows the area around the M25/A3 junction.
The junction between the M25 and the A3 is clearly visible.
On either side of the A3, as it goes South of the junction are the RHS Garden Wisley and Wisley Airfield.
I doubt that HS4Air will go anywhere near the Garden, but the airfield might well be the place, where the tunnel under the North Downs has its Northern portal.
The problem is how does HS4Air get between Junctions 11 for the A320 and Junction 10 for the A3 along the M25.
This Google Map shows the section of the M25.
Junction 11 is in the top-left of the map and Junction 10 is in the bottom right.
- I have flown my helicopter along the route and in places there is not much space on either side of the road.
- The road runs through housing in places.
- The road is very busy.
- The distance between the junctions 10 and 11 is 3.6 miles.
This page on the Highways England web site, says that the road is to be converted into a four lanes each way smart motorway.
Expedition Engineering obviously have a plan to get the motorway and a double-track high speed railway through this difficult section.
The Surrey Tunnel
I said earlier that the Northern Portal of the |Surrey Tunnel will be on or in the vicinity of Wuisley Airfield.
Putting maps together and taking an educated guess, I wonder if the Southern portal is on this map, which shows an area South of Dorking.
Note the Ibstock brick works. Could this be the site?
This Google Map shows its relationship to Gatwick Airport.
The distance is about nine miles, from the brick works in the top left of the map to the Airport.
According to the first map in this post, the route is mainly on the surface
Conclusion
The route is challenging, but I’m pretty sure, that it can be created.
How Would HS4Air Affect The Western Rail Approach to Heathrow?
The Western Rail Approach to Heathrow (WRAtH), is a proposed new rail route to Heathrow from Reading and Slough.
It has a similar objective to HS4Air’s connection to the Great Western Main Line at Iver.
Both railways would connect Reading and Slough to stations in the Airport.
But in my view the HS4Air approach has several advantages.
- HS4Air connects to both Heathrow and Gatwick airports and Ashford, whereas WRAtH only connects to Heathrow.
- It would connect high speed trains from Bristol, Cardiff, Oxford, South Wales and the West of England to Heathrow, Gatwick and Ashford for Continental services.
- As an example a direct Cardiff-Ashford service would take three hours twenty minutes.
- Trains would be faster, with an operating speed between Reading and Heathrow of at least 140 mph.
But perhaps most importantly, HS4Air could be a totally privately-funded project.
Conclusion
I feel Network Rail’s proposal for a Western Rail Approach to Heathrow is not needed, if HS4Air is built.
How Will HS4Air Affect Heathrow Southern Railway?
Heathrow Southern Railway will be an East-West railway through Heathrow using the existing tunnels, which will connect Basingstoke and Woking to Pasddington via Heathrow and Old Oak Common.
On the other hand HS4Air will be a North-South railway through Heathrow probably in a deep tunnel.
I suspect that numerous escalators, lifts and travelators will be the only connections between the two railways and the various terminals in the airport.
Conclusion
I can see no reason, why both railways can’t be built separately.
Co-operation could be useful to both railways.
If the two railways have a well-designed interchange under Heathrow, this would open up journey possibilities like Southampton-Paris with a change at the airport.
HS4Air is more than just a railway connecting airports and the North of England to the Channel Tunnel.
HS4Air And Heathrow Airport’s Third Runway
HS4Air will pass under Heathrow Airport in a tunnel, where there will be a new station.
Look at how Crossrail hasn’t resulted in major demolition in Central London.
For this and other reasons, I believe that HS4Air can be built underneath the Airport without affecting what Heathrow do on the surface.
The only effect that a possible third runway and an extra terminal at Heathrow, would be minor changes to the route of the tunnel and the layout of the station.
But I suspect that HS4Air will be built, so that it is totally future-proofed for all possible developments at Heathrow.
On the other hand, HS4Air might have effects on Heathrow Airport.
- Passengers from the North of England would be more likely to come by high speed train from Birmingham and Manchester.
- Passengers from South Wales and the West of England would be more likely to come by high speed train from Bristol and Cardiff.
- The transfer between Heathrow and Gatwick would be less than twenty minutes. HS4Air claim just fifteen.
- If there was sufficient demand there could be a Heathrow-Gatwick shuttle every 10-15 minutes.
Just as some of these effects will be positive for Heathrow, they will also be positive for Gatwick.
Conclusion
I am led to the conclusion, that some politicians, who are seriously against a third runway at Heathrow, could manage to get the runway blocked or delayed for a decade, by citing HS4Air and Gatwick as a viable alternative.
But that won’t matter, as Gatwick will build the much-needed runway for the South-East and it will be less than twenty minutes from Heathrow.
HS4Air’s Connections To HS2, The Great Western Main Line And Heathrow
This map clipped from the Expedition Engineering web site, shows the route of HS4Air to the West of London.
Note the M25 running North-South through the area.
The HS4Air And HS2 Junction
This Google Map shows the area, where HS4Air will join HS2.
Note.
- The M25 running North-South.
- The Chiltern Main Line running East-West.
- The two stations shown are Denham Golf Club and Denham.
- At the top of the map, just to the East of the M25 is a large quarry, which shows up in a beige colour.
The route of HS2 as it passes through the area from North-West to South-East is as follows.
- HS2 crosses the M25 in a tunnel, at the point where the lane crosses just below the M25 label, at the top of the map.
- HS2 then goes South East towards Denham on a mixture of cuttings, embankments and viaducts.
- HS2 then follows the Chiltern Main Line in a cutting towards London.
- HS2 goes into a tunnel just to the West of West Ruislip station.
It looks to me, that HS4Air will branch off HS2, just to the East of the M25, in the area of the quarry, which is shown in this Google Map.
HS4Air would continue along the M25 motorway towards the South, whilst HS2 will continue in to the South East.
The HS4Air And Great Western Main Line Junction
This Google Map shows the area, where HS4Air crosses the Great Western Main Line.
Note.
- The M25 running North-South
- The M4 running East-West
- The Great Western Main Line running East-West.
- The two stations are Langley and Iver.
- Iver North Water Treatment Works sitting to the North East of where the M25 and the Great Western Railway cross.
This Google Map shows the area, where the M25 and the Great Western Main Line cross in more detail.
Consider.
- HS4Air would be following the M25 North-South.
- Two links to allow trains to go both ways from the Great Western to the Southbound HS4Air, would be needed.
- These links could loop over the Water Treatment Works.
- As the M25 will probably need widening, combining both projects would probably benefit both.
I think we could see a spectacular junction.
HS4Air North Of Heathrow
|As the first map shows HS4Air goes underneath Heathrow Airport in a tunnel, where there will be a station in the tunnel.
This map shows the M25 to the North of the Airport.
Terminal 5 at Heathrow is picked out with a station symbol.
I suspect that HS4Air will cross the massive M25/M4 junction on a viaduct and then descend into a tunnel for the Airport.
Or if the third runway at Heathrow is built, the railway could go into tunnel to the North of the motorway junction.
I suspect, the rail tunnels will be very deep under the airport, which will mean the following.
- They won’t disturb the existing airport.
- All the existing Crossrail design and construction expertise will be useful.
- The station could be as large as needed, with through and terminal platforms.
With its connections to Crossrail, it would also be West London’s high speed railway station.
HS4Air South Of Heathrow
South of Heathrow, the first map, shows that the Heathrow tunnel will emerge close to the M25, South of the major junction between the M25 and the M3.
This Google Map shows the area.
I will investigate where the Heathrow Tunnel emerges in HS4Air Between Heathrow And Gatwick Airports.
Conclusion
This section of HS4Air looks to be a railway that can be slotted through alongside the M25 with very little disturbance to existing traffic routes.
I doubt that few houses or other buildings will need to be demolished.
The two major junctions with HS2 and the Great Western Railway will cause little disruption during construction, as the former will be over a quarry and the second is by a sewage works, which could be moved if necessary.
This first section is so obvious, I am surprised it hasn’t been included with the building of HS2.
Improvements On Platforms 13 And 14 At Manchester Piccadilly Station
The through platforms 13 and 14 at Manchester Piccadilly station have in the past when I’ve used them been very congested and crowded.
But look at these pictures.
Compare them with this picture taken in April 2018.
Where has all the platform clutter in the earlier picture gone?
It certainly enabled travellers to get on and off the trains easier, although many were still crowding around the stairs at the Western end of the platforms.
I asked a Network Rail guy on the platform, if it was better without the buildings on the platform. He said two things.
- Passengers don’t move down the platforms.
- Drivers don’t tend to stop in the best place for passengers.
I do wonder, if the large number of two-car trains, that seem to use the platform doesn’t help.
- Class 175 trains operated by Arriva Trains Wales.
- Single Class 142, Class 150, Class 156 and Class 158 trains operated by Northern.
- Class 158 trains operated by East Midlands Trains.
The pictures show, that I’d arrived in a six-car Class 185 train, which because of its length stopped towards the Eastern end of the platform.
There was a bit of crowding as the train loaded, but not as bad as that on the four-car Class 319 train to Blackpool, when I left. But it was a sunny Saturday!
I do wonder, if passengers think, that their train will be only two cars, they tend to get to the platform early and create overcrowding.
It seems to me, that it will be quite likely, that the length of trains will be increased in the next few years.
- As electrification increases, some of Northern’s two-car diesel trains will be replaced with four-car electric trains.
- Transport for Wales have said they’ll run longer trains.
- TransPennine Express will replace the Class 185 trains with longer units.
Although this will probably increase traffic to these platforms, paradoxically, the longer trains might reduce congestion.
It should also be noted that most trains going through Platforms 13 and 14 at Manchester Piccadilly station call at one or more of the following stations.
In addition, Salford Central station may be expanded with extra platforms.
The more stations each train calls at in Central Manchester, the less will be the passenger footfall at each station, as not everybody wants to use Piccadilly.
As an aside, I wonder if more trains should call at Deansgate, which has excellent Manchester Metrolink connections, which are certainly less walking than those at Piccadilly.
Conclusion
I’m led to the conclusion, that the various plans for Manchester’s railways may lead to taking the pressure from the through platforms at Piccadilly.
By making it easier for passengers on these platforms, better access and facilities can be added as required.
I think it is highly likely, that with modern digital signalling and improvements to Deansgate, Oxford Road and Piccadilly stations, that it may be possible to avopid adding extra platforms at Piccadilly,
A Class 321 Renatus
I finally got to ride in a Class 321 Renatus today.
Quite frankly I was impressed.
- The seats were more comfortable than those in a Class 700 train.
- There was wi-fi.
- There were plugs to charge a phone or a laptop everywhere.
- There was air-conditioning.
- There was a new Universal Access Toilet.
- There was new lighting.
Generally, the trains also seemed to have more space.
Will Alstom’s hydrogen-powered version of the Class 321 train have interiors as good as these?















































