Is A Rail War Starting To London’s Airports?
The following sections sum up the rail services to the various London airports.
London City Airport
London City Airport may only be small, but some people use it a lot. I never have, but that’s not for dint of trying. It’s just that if I include all the factors, by which I choose a flight, it hasn’t come out top yet!
London City Airport is only on the Docklands Light Railway, but when Crossrail is open and Bank station has been fully upgraded in 2021, it will be a relatively easy airport through which to travel.
Crossrail passes very close to the Airport and passive provision has been made for a Silvertown station that could be connected to the Airport. At present, the Docklands Light Railway provides enough capacity.
Eurostar
Eurostar is the cuckoo in the nest and should be included, as it will offer rail services to a couple of European Airports.
By the early 2020s, there will be new direct or single-change services to France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland.
I also suspect that one of the first extensions of Crossrail will serve Ebbsfleet International station, so it will give a lot more passengers easy access to European services.
Gatwick Airport
This year the rail links to Gatwick Airport are getting a major upgrade.
- The current unsuitable Class 442 trains used on Gatwick Express, are being replaced with new Class 287/2 trains, designed for the route.
- The current mixture of Thameslink Class 319 and Class 387 trains are being replaced with new higher capacity walk-through Class 700 trains.
- Gatwick Airport station was redeveloped with new buildings and two extra platforms under two years ago.
- Gatwick Airport has now been brought into London’s Oyster and contactless ticketing area. This report in Rail Technology Magazine gives more details.
And increasingly, as the next few years roll on, various developments will or could happen.
- Thameslink and particularly London Bridge station will have greater capacity.
- Thameslink will add many direct trains to new destinations like Cambridge, Stevenage and Peterborough.
- Thameslink and other developments, will mean that nearly all stations East of the Midland Main Line, will have access to Gatwick Airport through with only a single change at a convenient interchange like Bedford, Cambridge, Farringdon, Finsbury Park, Luton, Peterborough or Stevenage.
- The dreadful links to the Thameslink platforms at St. Pancras, from some other lines at Kings Cross and St. Pancras will be improved.
- An IPEMU variant of the Class 387 Gatwick Express could easily reach Reading on an hourly-basis, to give single-change access between Gatwick Airport and Wales and the West.
- The East Coastway and West Coastway routes could be extended to Ashford and Bournemouth respectively, improved with more and faster trains and a better interchange to Gatwick services at Brighton.
But I believe that what would transform train services to Gatwick, is when the whole of the area from Weymouth and Reading in the west to Ramsgate in the East becomes part of London’s Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing area.
Heathrow Airport
Heathrow Airport will have to wait until December 2019 before it gets any more capacity to Central London, in the shape of Crossrail.
Until then, it will have to make do with the current services.
- The very crowded and slow Piccadilly Line.
- The infrequent Heathrow Connect.
- The overpriced and much unloved Heathrow Express.
But there are serious problems.
- The rail lines into the airport are designed to maximise revenue for Heathrow, rather than the convenience of passengers.
- Crossrail hasn’t been designed to serve Terminal 5 directly. How daft is that?
- Links to the West are atrocious and rely on going into London and out again. Gatwick has better links to Reading!
- As I wrote in Heathrow Express And Crossrail, Heathrow and TfL are still arguing about access for Crossrail into Heathrow.
- Boris has indicated that Freedom Passes will be allowed on Crossrail to Heathrow.
- Heathrow Express will be killed by Crossrail, if Heathrow allows it to serve the airport.
- Gatwick, Luton and Stansted Airports will become part of London’s Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing area. Will Heathrow?
- Improved rail links and services at Gatwick, Luton and Stansted Airports will make these airports more attractive for a lot of passengers than Heathrow.
On top of all this, Heathrow needs Crossrail to give the Airport connectivity to large parts of the South East, the West Coast Main Line and HS2.
I think all candidates for the next London Mayor, will be playing the anti-Heathrow card frequently and with immense relish.
In the end Heathrow will have to accept the following.
- The closure of Heathrow Express.
- Full access of Crossrail directly to all terminals, at an agreed price with TfL.
- Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing.
- A rail link from the West, under probably Network Rail, Great Western and TfL control.
If they don’t like it, then I’m sure Gatwick, Luton and Stansted Airports will take up the slack.
Luton Airport
Luton Airport is in some ways the joker in the pack, but also it has plans to expand, as is reported in this article in the Daily Mail, entitled Luton Airport reveals plans for direct rail line that would cut train journey from central London to just 20 minutes.
In Will Bombardier Develop The Ultimate Airport Train, I discussed Luton Airport in detail and came to the conclusion that if Bombardier Class 387/2 trains as used on the Gatwick Express were fitted with an IPEMU capability, they could easily use terminal platforms without electrification in a tunnel under the Airport.
Whether they will or not, I don’t know, but there is scope for very affordable solutions to providing a fast rail link into Central London.
Luton Airport is closer than Gatwick is to Central London, so I would expect that Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing, would not be a problem.
Southend Airport
Southend Airport is the newest of London’s airports. I know it well from my days as a pilot and occasionally use it on trips to the Netherlands on easyJet.
Operationally for airlines, Southend Airport’s location, close to the Essex Coast is ideal, as it is away from other airports and pilots can get planes in to and out of the airport without too much delay. Also, flights coming in from the East have an uncluttered approach, over the sea and marshland. I once came in to the airport on a flight from Schipol and was on the train from Southend Airport station to Central London, within an hour of boarding the flight in The Netherlands.
I can understand why the Roskill Commission recommended that London’s new airport should be built on Maplin Sands.
This airline-friendly location could drive growth at the airport, especially if the airport keeps its reputation for fast passenger handling.
The Airport talks about handling two million passengers by 2020 and I can’t feel that this is unreasonable.
What could help passenger growth is that there is plenty of scope for making rail trips to Southend Airport easier, especially for Southend’s typical traveller with just hand-baggage and perhaps a wheeled case.
At present Southend Airport and Southend Victoria have three services to and from Liverpool Street per hour, which stop at all stations between Shenfield and Southend Victoria and then just Stratford and Liverpool Street. This is a recent upgrade, as Wikipedia says one train stops at all stations.
Journey times are as follows.
- Liverpool Street – 64 minutes – Just four minutes longer than Stansted.
- Stratford – 57 minutes
- Shenfield – 27 minutes
Capacity isn’t a problem as all stations can take eight-car trains.
The airport station is very close to the terminal and is fully step-free. Incoming passengers from the London direction, don’t even have to cross the railway to get to the terminal.
Crossrail and the new East Anglia franchise will certainly have effects, some of which have already happened.
- Between Shenfield and London there will be at least eight high-capacity Crossrail trains per hour.
- Will Crossrail run on a twenty-four hour basis?
- Shenfield will have Oyster and contactless card ticketing. Will this go all the way to Southend Victoria?
- Shenfield will be Freedom Pass territory.
- Will Norwich-in-Ninety improvements mean that times between Shenfield and London are reduced?
- Will more of the longer distance services to East Anglia, stop at Shenfield for interchange with Crossrail?
I suspect that the answer to the two last questions, will be yes. This improved connectivity and reduced journey time, would mean that a lot of places in East London, Essex and East Suffolk, would be just one change at Shenfield away from Southend Airport.
I wouldn’t be surprised to see some upmarket trains between Southend Victoria and Liverpool Street, with a four trains per hour frequency. Partly, this will be driven by the airport, but also by the competition for passengers between the two companies running services to Southend.
Stansted Airport
Stansted Airport is currently served by the adequate but slow Stansted Express.
Stansted Airport is owned and operated by the ambitious Manchester Airports Group and I can’t see them sitting idly by, whilst Gatwick and Luton expand into their market. After all, they have resources that other airports in the South East lack; space and spare capacity on the current runway.
The rail links need improvement and these will or could happen in the next few years.
- The West Anglia Main Line will be developed and given four tracks between at least Broxbourne and Lea Bridge stations, with higher speed limits.
- There will be a higher frequency for Stansted Express trains into Liverpool Street.
- Stansted Express will serve Stratford several times an hour.
- Stansted Airport station will gain a second tunnel and platform.
- There will be an improved service between Stansted and Cambridge.
- Stansted Airport will become part of London’s Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing area.
The service between Cambridge and Stansted is a truly inadequate, single train per hour to and from Birmingham via Peterborough and Leicester.
I believe that when the new East Anglian franchise is awarded, the route north from Stansted will see the greatest improvement. Note that Thameslink will have four trains per hour to Cambridge going through London of which two will go all the way to Gatwick Airport and Brighton.
I wouldn’t be surprised to see two half-hourly services added to the airport.
- Stansted Airport to Peterborough via Cambridge, Cambridge North and Ely.
- Stansted Airport to Norwich via Cambridge, Cambridge North and Ely.
Even if the current Birmingham service was cut back, this would still give four trains per hour between Stansted Airport and one of its most important catchment areas.
Note how Cambridge North station, which serves the North of the City and the Cambridge Science Park, will be given good rail links.
In Better East-West Train Services Across Suffolk, I wrote about a radical idea of Network Rail to create a much improved service between Peterborough and Ipswich, based on a rebuilt Newmarket station.
But who knows, what will actually happen? I don’t!
But whatever happens to the North of Stansted Airport, the rail links to the airport will be much improved by 2020 or so.
Road Improvements
Road improvements will not be numerous, but one new road will effect the use of airports.
If a new Lower Thames Crossing is built, it could make driving to Gatwick, Stansted and Southend Airports easier and some travellers will shun Heathrow.
On the other hand, if it wasn’t built, it might favour other airports.
Conclusion
All of London’s six airports, except probably London City will be seeing large investments in rail infrastructure, stations and trains in the near future.
Heathrow won’t like it, but I think the political consequences for the major parties of a new runway at Heathrow will make it unlikely that Heathrow gets another runway.
But given the rail infrastructure, I suspect that the other airports will take up the increased traffic for several years.
Gatwick, Luton and Stanstead will get very much improved services and I think Southend could become a Luton in the East.
As passengers will get increasingly savvy as to the routes they use, it will be very difficult to predict how the transport pattern to London’s Airports, will look say in 2025.
I’ll finish by listing some ideas I’ve read over the years.
- The Windsor Link Railway to connect Heathrow to the Great Western Main Line via Windsor.
- A Heathrow Hub station at Iver linked to Heathrow.
- Reopening the line from Bishops Stortford to Braintree via Stansted Airport and Dunmow.
- Extending the Chingford Branch past Chingford to Stansted Airport.
- Creating a Southend Metro to connect the two main Southend stations to Southend Airport.
- Extending some Crossrail trains to Southend Victoria.
There’ll be others and some might even be built.
Heathrow Express And Crossrail
There is an interesting report on the front of the Business section of the Sunday Times entitled Heathrow starts fight over bill for Crossrail link.
Apparently, the airport want to charge passengers using Crossrail to the Airport for using the part of the Airport Rail Link, that was funded by the Airport. The Airport wants to raise a total of £40million every year.
My first reaction is to think this is an story worthy of April the First or someone in the negotiations for the route of Crossrail has made a big mistake.
If I wanted to build a new railway into say a small town, before I started to construct the railway, I would make sure all of the legals were tightly sown up and agreed.
Surely with a fourteen billion pound project like Crossrail, where since 1974, there has been talk of a link to Heathrow, you wouldn’t start construction of the project, unless you had everything nailed before starting construction.
The Crossrail Bill was approved in 2005 and has since been backed by all Governments and most political parties.
According to Wikipedia, Heathrow Airport Holdings,owns or part owns the Heathrow Airport branch of Crossrail. So it would appear that they may have some basis for charging passengers to use the line.
As I said the Crossrail Bill was signed in 2005 and then because of competition concerns, the company was made to divest themselves of most of the other Airports, that it owned. Competition Concerns in the Wikipedia entry for Heathrow Airport Holdings details the competition concerns.
Wikipedia describes Heathrow Airport as being owned like this.
The airport is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings, which itself is owned by FGP TopCo Limited, an international consortium led by the Spanish Ferrovial Group that includes Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and Government of Singapore Investment Corporation.
From what I can gather the Spanish group took over the old BAA plc, which had been privatised in 1986, in July 2006. So surely, as the Crossrail Bill had been signed in the previous year, they would have known all about the rail project.
So why just four years before Crossrail opens and everybody in London is getting excited about the project and especially the link to a major airport, should Heathrow Airport come up with a demand for forty million pounds a year?
I think there is a clue in the comments placed on the article, by subscribers to the Sunday Times web site. who are probably a fair cross section of the people who regularly use Heathrow.
There is not one comment, that thinks that Heathrow has a valid case and many are hostile even about the existence of Heathrow.
So has Heathrow just done a bit of research on the Heathrow Express?
They will have found some or all of the following.
- Heathrow Express only goes to Paddington.
- Passengers for Heathrow come from all parts of London and the South-East and don’t use Heathrow Express because getting to Paddington is difficult.
- Many of the workers at the airport, take public transport to get to the Airport and few use Heathrow Express.
- Crossrail will serve Central London and other important districts like Canary Wharf, Reading and South Essex.
- Crossrail links directly to Thameslink and the services out of Liverpool Street.
- Many passengers will use Crossrail instead of driving to and from the Airport.
- Crossrail will run all night.
- Londoners see London Overground and Underground as theirs and use them.
- Crossrail will be part of Transport for London’s system.
- Crossrail will use hassle-free contactless ticketing. Most travellers will just use a bank card and expect no waiting time.
- There will be a big row, if pensioners can’t use their Freedom Passes on Crossrail to Heathrow.
- No Mayoral candidate in next May’s election will back Heathrow over Transport for London.
- Gatwick Airport will introduce contactless ticketing in a few months.
- Paddington to Terminal One takes fifteen minutes on Heathrow Express and will take only nine minutes longer on Crossrail.
- A big enthusiasm for Crossrail
- As seen in the Sunday Times comments, deep resentment for Heathrow and Heathrow Express.
They will also probably have had some very forthright comments about the cost of tickets for Heathrow Express.
At the moment Heathrow Express is the only fast and comfortable train service to get between Heathrow and Central London.
But Crossrail will be a game-changer, as it will be not much slower, spacious, frequent, more convenient and hopefully comfortable.
For a few years, Crossrail will also have the new factor and passengers will at least give it a try.
I think that all this means there will be a massive shift of passengers away from Heathrow Express to Crossrail.
So seeing this projected loss of revenue, they have come to the conclusion that they must get another income stream to make up the losses.
But travellers are not stupid any more and unless their company is paying, now chose the most convenient route to their ultimate destination at the best price.
I may not be typical, but I have five convenient local airports, so on many flights, I have a choice of airport. Unfortunately for Heathrow, more and more of their possible travellers, have this luxury of choice.
All this leads to my view, that Heathrow will be forced to apply the-if-you-can’t-beat-em-join-em principle, as I think Heathrow possibly needs Crossrail, more than Crossrail needs Heathrow.
Consider the following.
- Crossrail links at Farringdon to Thameslink, which serves Luton and Gatwick Airports.
- Crossrail links directly to the City and Canary Wharf.
- Crossrail avoids the bottleneck at Paddington.
- Crossrail will link Heathrow to the West Coast Main Line and the future HS2 at Old Oak Common.
- Crossrail will expand in the next few years to give better connectivity to many more places.
- Heathrow needs to build a direct link to Reading.
- Heathrow needs to link Crossrail to Terminal 5.
- Routes are possible, that could link Crossrail 2 to Heathrow.
- Heathrow will lose credibility and passengers, if it is not just seen as a stop on London’s transport network.
If Crossrail didn’t serve Heathrow for the first few years after it opened, I don’t think that Transport for London would get the blame!
In some ways, Heathrow’s best policy might be to cut their losses and sell the Heathrow Airport Links and its stations to Crossrail, after agreeing extensions to the Airport Rail Links.
But that would give in the eyes of some, London’s Mayor too much control over airports policy for the South East! Surely, he or she would know more about Heathrow and the problems the airport causes, than a faceless multi-national.
While Cameron Dithers About London, Manchester Decides!
I picked up two reports on airports this week.
This report on the BBC is entitled Heathrow airport delay gutless, says business group and talks about a lot of the fallout from David Cameron’s decision not to decide on a new runway for the South-East.
In contrast, you have this report in the Manchester Evening News entitled New images shows possible high-tech future of Manchester Airport’s check-in after ‘Super Terminal’ transformation, which describes the airports expansion plans.
Expanding Heathrow seems to generate controversy in super-tanker loads, whereas Manchester doesn’t sem to attract anything like the same level, even when you take the different sizes into account.
Look at this Google Map of Heathrow.
Heathrow Airport
Compare it with this one of Manchester Airport.
Manchester Airport
I don’t know for sure, but it would appear from these maps and larger ones, that Heathrow has used up much more of the available space around the runways, whereas Manchester hasn’t!
When Heathrow wanted to build Terminal 5, they had to move a sewage works, and another terminal would be difficult on the same site. Manchester has some space left.
So any expansion at Heathrow needs to expand the airport site, which is where a lot of the opposition comes from.
In my view the only way to expand Heathrow is to make better use of the current runways and the terminals. But that can only go on for so long!
And would the locals object to more landings and take-offs? You bet they would!
David Cameron is no fool and he knows that with the opposition of Boris Johnson and nearly all the candidates for the London Mayor against Heathrow, that it will never gain a third runway.
I hate to look backwards but the Roskill Commission of the 1960s and their eventual decision by a roundabout route was for an airport on Maplin Sands to the East of Southend.
But Harold Wilson’s government cancelled this airport, just as they did the Picc-Vic Tunnel in Manchester and improvement of the rail lines across the Pennines.
In my view as air traffic increases, Heathrow needs to expand to just survive, as there is competition all around.
- Schipol, Paris Charles de Gaulle and even Manchester competing for the interchange traffic.
- Trains to the Continent
- Birmingham, Gatwick, Luton, Southend, Stansted and others nibbling Heathrow’s markets.
- HS2
- Passengers are increasingly savvy and go from any convenient airport, using an acceptable airline at the right time and price.
- Internet technology will guide people to the best and cheapest way to travel from say Cambridge to Boston. An expensive Heathrow could be its own worst enemy.
- Other airports will offer better car-friendly solutions.
So as it can’t expand, due to the politicians and local residents, Heathrow must accept that it can’t and it must prepare itself for downgrade to just an airport for London and those living locally.
It also means, the South East must eventually find another site for a new airport to replace Heathrow.
The only place is the Thames Estuary!
So why didn’t the Davies Airport Commission recommend the Boris Island?
Howard Davies is a man of the City Establishment, who are very conservative with a small c and love the convenience, which Crossrail will make better, of Heathrow. How many submissions were against the Boris Island because it would mean too much change in their business?
But a properly designed Thames Hub Airport, could also incorporate the new Thames Barrier and Lower Thames Crossing that London needs.
To many of London’s residents and a lot of their politicians, it is a no-brainer! But for the City, only an expanded Heathrow will do!
So how will Manchester Airport affect London’s Airport mess in the future.
I believe that Manchester Airport will start to dominate air transport in the North of England and Scotland, just as Heathrow used to dominate the South.
- It has space for new terminals and aircraft and car parking.
- A rail network is developing to bring passengers to the airport from all over the North and Scotland.
- HS2 and probably HS3 are coming to the Airport.
- When it needs to expand it decides to and does!
It could also be combined with Liverpool Airport using a very high speed train, if it needed more runway capacity. It’s just forty-four kilometres as a Maglev would fly at 200 kilometres per hour, up the Mersey. Manchester and Liverpool airports could work together, much better than Heathrow can work with either Gatwick, Luton or Stansted.
So will an expanded Manchester Airport take a big bite out of Heathrow’s traffic? You bet it will. Especially, if Heathrow continues to not expand.
I think we should start to plan a Thames Estuary Airport now, even if we don’t built it for twenty years.. If we don’t, then when we need to start building, we’ll take another fifty years to make a decision.
Or we could always do what we’re doing now and let market forces, various interests and passenger choice decide our airports policy?
And as ever, engineers and architects, will improve aircraft and airports, so that we find them acceptable.
The airports problem won’t be solved until perhaps in about 2060, when the Dutch get fed up with Schipol and we join with them and the Belgians to create an airport perhaps slightly east of the Thames Estuary connected to various countries by high speed rail lines. It could be called Canute International!
The only certainty, is that I won’t be here to see it built!
More Thoughts On Dalston Junction To Hayes
In February this year, I wrote Should Trains Run From Dalston Junction To Hayes?
I finished the post like this.
So is New Cross the least used direct southern destination on the East London Line? Also, was it only included in the East London Line for historic reasons, as it had been a Metropolitan Line destination?
If so, it might be an idea to see if extension of the four trains per hour services terminating at the station is possible. Perhaps two could go Hayes and two to Orpington, which would double the frequency to both places from New Cross.
I could also have said in the summing up, that this would give four trains per hour from Dalston Junction to Lewisham, with all its connections to South East London and Kent.
This morning, I was reading an article on London Reconnections about extending the Bakerloo Line, entitled Death, Taxes and Lewisham: Extending the Bakerloo.
So it got me thinking!
I returned to my original article and had the following blasphemous thought.
Is Transport for London, so obsessed with using the supposed spare capacity on the Bakerloo Line, that it doesn’t think straight about what to do with this line?
Consider the following points.
- Passengers like the Overground model and many rate it higher than the Underground.
- When Crossrail and Thameslink and the East London Lines are up to capacity of twenty-four trains per hour, the increase in capacity will change London’s transport system dramatically, as there will be an H-shaped network with interchanges at Farringdon, Whitechapel and possibly some other places.
- Most trains going to Kent and South East London start from Victoria, which is not well placed for some of the important parts of Central London. Would extra connections to a twenty-four trains per hour East London Line at Penge and Brockley be a better route for many passengers?
- I feel that there would be a backlash, if the Hayes Line became part of the Bakerloo Line, just like there was when Thameslink wanted to stop all Sutton Loop Line trains at Blackfriars! If you’ve been commuting for years in First Class from Hayes into Cannon Street for the City, I don’t think you’d be happy if your train was a smaller one-class, crowded Underground train. But you might accept an Overground train to Canada Water for the Jubilee Line or Whitechapel for Crossrail and the Metropolitan/Circle/District Lines.
- Thameslink together with the Bakerloo Line and an upgraded Jubilee Line will create a resilient North-West to East routing, that could withstand the occasional serious failure. The East London Line provides that resilient link in the East.
- Thameslink doesn’t connect with the Central Line, but the East London Line could at Shoreditch High Street.
I’m coming more to the conclusion that there is no way that a long extension to the Bakerloo Line would be needed. Perhaps it should be extended in a loop down the Old Kent Road to Camberwell, to get high-quality rail services into that area.
Should East London Line Services To New Cross Go Further?
Four services per hour on the East London Line have their Southern terminus at New Cross station and could these venture further into South London?
At the moment these services terminate in a bay Platform D, which is just a walk across from the trains going South. But when coming North, you have to go over the step-free bridge to get from Platform A to Platform D.
In the next few years, various developments will happen, that will affect travel in the area bordered by New Cross, Cannon Street and Whitechapel.
- London Bridge and Thameslink will be improved, so interchange between Cannon Street services and Thameslink will be much easier.
- Hopefully, access to the Underground at London Bridge will be eased by the redevelopment of the station.
- Will the Thameslink improvements increase the capacity into Cannon Street?
- Crossrail will open.
- The Metropolitan/District and Circle Lines will have been fully upgraded with bigger trains and new signalling.
- The Jubilee Line will have been upgraded.
- Bank station will have been upgraded.
- There will be large numbers of office developments around the City, increasing the numbers of needed final destinations.
I believe that the increasing flexibility will mean passengers will be less likely to use the same route.
I also believe that passengers will switch between London Bridge/CannonStreet and the East London Line destinations of Canada Water, Whitechapel and Shoreditch High Street.
Many more will want to change at New Cross!
If the East London Line services started South of New Cross and just called at Platform A on their way North, just as London Bridge/Cannon Street services do, this would this give a simple change for Northbound passengers.
If you were on a Tunbridge Wells to Cannon Street train and wanted to go to Whitechapel for Crossrail, you would get off at New Cross and wait for an East London Line train on the same Platform A.
This interchangeability of Northern destinations, is unlocked by sending East London Line trains past New Cross.
Can East London Line Services To New Cross Go Further?
After Crossrail and an upgraded Thameslink opens, it will take some time for passenger numbers to stabilise.
These figures will decide if it is worthwhile to extend the services past New Cross.
The other constraint will be whether paths are available to continue to Lewisham and beyond.
The simplest plan would be to run the four trains per hour to Lewisham and then run two trains to both of Orpington and Hayes.
Extra Interfaces On The East London Line
I would also build the following interchanges on the East London Line.
- Central Line at Shoreditch High Street. This can’t be done until Crossrail opens.
- A New Penge station to connect to the Chatham Main Line
- A high-level Brockley station to link to the Nunhead to Lewisham Line.
There may also be scope for linking the East London Line to Thameslink. It is probably a pity, that the East London Line serves West Croydon rather than East Croydon, as the latter station has so much better connectivity.
Today, I visited South East London and I can make these observations.
New Cross Station
I wrote Changing At New Cross, when I looked at New Cross station.
I can’t see any obvious reason, why East London Line trains have to terminate at New Cross. I suspect, that it’s only for historic reasons, as that’s what the Metropolitan Line did many years ago.
St. Johns Station
I wrote Investigating St. Johns Station, when I looked at St. Johns station.
My only feeling about this station is that if it were to be upgraded to the standard passengers expect, it could be a valuable step-free interchange station between an extended East London Line and the services into and out of Cannon Street.
Lewisham Station
I wrote Changing At Lewisham, when I visited Lewisham station
If it were to be served by four trains per hour on the East London Line, with two trains per hour going to Hayes and the other two to Orpington, Lewisham would be an important interchange to increase the connectivity between South East and North East London.
Catford and Catford Bridge Stations
I wrote An Opportunity At Catford, when I looked at the twin stations of Catford and Catford Bridge and can say this.
- Currently, all trains through Catford Bridge station are going to and from Hayes.
- All trains through Catford are Thameslink ones between Blackfriars and Sevenoaks.
- Track exists to send trains between Catford Bridge to and from Orpington.
If cross-platform interchange could somehow be provided between the two northbound and the two southbound lines at Catford/Catford Bridge, this would give passengers from Hayes and Orpington a big choice of Northern destinations.
Effect On Dalston Junction
If the four trains per hour shuttle service between Dalston Junction and New Cross was replaced by two trains per hour to each of Orpington or Hayes, it probably wouldn’t have much overall effect on the Dalston Junction to New Cross section of the line, but what would the timings look like?
Currently trains leave Dalston Junction in the Off Peak at 04, 19, 34 and 49 past the hour taking twenty-two minutes to get to New Cross. They then return at 07, 22, 37 and 52.
So the 04 train gets to New Cross at 26, returns at 37 and gets back to Dalston Junction at 59, which means it waits eleven minutes at New Cross and six at Dalston Junction.
New Cross to Hayes takes thirty minutes, so that would be fifty two minutes from Dalston Junction to Hayes.
Would that be fast enough for each train to do one trip each hour?
I suspect that one of Transport for London’s timetabling experts could devise a pattern.
More Trains Through The Thames Tunnel
At present there are sixteen trains per hour through the Thames Tunnel.
- 4 – Dalston Junction to New Cross
- 4 – Dalston Junction to West Croydon
- 4 – Highbury and Islington to Crystal Palace
- 4 – Highbury and Islington to Clapham Junction
Which means that as there is a theoretical limit of twenty-four trains per hour, there are another eight paths available.
In Increased Frequencies On The East London Line, I wrote that London Overground have plans to introduce the following extra services.
- From 2018, there will be an extra two trains per hour between Dalston Junction and Crystal Palace.
- From 2019, there will be two additional trains between Dalston Junction and Clapham Junction.
So that would mean that there are still possibly another four paths available.
I would assume that the extra trains would be accommodated at the Northern end by just tightening the turn-round times.
I can’t believe that it won’t be long before Transport for London come up with ways of using the remaining four paths.
If they are planning to turn back two extra trains from Crystal Palace and two from Clapham Junction at Highbury and Islington, I can’t believe that they couldn’t turn back another four services at Dalston Junction. Assuming the extra trains to Crystal Palace and Clapham Junction, this would give the following frequencies.
- 12 tph between Highbury and Islington and Dalston Junction.
- 24 tph between Dalston Junction and Surrey Quays.
The core section of the East London Line will interface in 2020 with the following lines.
- Crossrail at Whitechapel will be 24 tph
- The Jubilee Line at Canada Water will be 36 tph
- The Victoria Line at Highbury and Islington will be 36 tph by 2016.
Father and son, Marc and Isambard Brunel, will be spinning in their graves, to see what their Nineteenth Century engineering curiosity-turned-marvel has become.
The Emergence Of Overground Transport Hubs
More trains on the East London Line between Dalston and Clapham Junctions is to be welcomed.
I use the well-connected Clapham Junction, if say I’m going to Southampton, Portsmouth or many other places, as it means I can avoid the difficulty of getting to Waterloo or Victoria.
The one problem with Clapham Junction in my view is that Thameslink or the Gatwick Express doesn’t call at the station.
Even so, Clapham Junction, Dalston Junction and Stratord are evolving as the major hubs on the Overground Network.
In the next few years, the following stations will become major hubs.
- Whitechapel because of its important location on Crossrail
- Old Oak Common because of its connections to Crossrail and HS2
- Hackney Interchange (Central plus Downs) because it joins the North London Line to the West Anglia Lines.
Will Lewisham, Crystal Palace or other stations join this elite group?
Southeastern
Southeastern is the train operating company that operates most of the train services to South-East London. Kent and East Sussex.
The company has three sub brands.
- Highspeed operates high-speed service on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link using Class 395 trains.
- Mainline operates traditional long distance services to Kent and East Sussex.
- Metro runs services to South East and South London.
London Overground makes to secret of the fact that it would like to bring the Metro services under its control.
I would very much welcome this takeover for the following reasons.
- As a North Londoner, who grew up in the North, South London trains are very much a mystery to me and Southeastern’s information could be substantially improved.
- The East London Line and Southeastern services could be properly co-ordinated.
- When the Overground took over the West Anglia Lines, there was a definite improvement in stations and customer service.
- The whole of Southeastern’s Metro and Mainline network needs to be brought into Transport for London’s Oyster and contactless bank card ticketing.
Hopefully, the takeover will happen, when the franchise is up for renewal in 2018.
Crossrail Extension To Ebbsfleet International And Gravesend
I wrote Crossrail Extension to Gravesend after a visit to the area and I feel that it would be possible to extend Crossrail, so that it served both Ebbsfleet International and Gravesend stations.
This would enable a direct link between Heathrow Airport and Continental trains and you’d only need to change once if you were going to Gatwick, Luton or Stansted Airports.
Conclusions
On a brief look, there is a lot of potential to extend the New Cross branch of the East London Line to Lewisham, Hayes, Orpington and perhaps some more places.
Get it right and it might not be the best thing to have a long extension of the Bakerloo Line.
A Circular Tour Round Richmond, Twickenham And Vauxhall
In my post entitled Where Next For The Overground?, I received a comment suggesting that some services on the North London Line be extended to Twickenham. The guy who commented said this.
Currently 4 Overground services per hour terminate/start at Richmond. Extending even 2 of these to Twickenham using the existing SWT railway network, also calling at St Margarets, would provide numerous benefits for local commuters and businesses.
The reasons he gave about better connectivity to less obvious places than Vauxhall and Waterloo, didn’t seem much different to the statements you get here in Hackney about getting anywhere not reached by the North and East London Lines or the 38 bus.
So I just had to go and take a look and take a few pictures, as I travelled from Richmond to Twickenham and then on to Vauxhall.
I could also have a pit-stop at the Carluccio’s opposite Richmond station.
Richmond
I know Richmond quite well having used it several times since I moved back to London, as it’s a good place to go for a walk by the river. And of course I do like the train ride across London on the North London Line, which is so much more pleasant than the District Line or the trains out of Waterloo. This Google Map image of the station shows the station’s main problem, which is also apparent in the photos.
Richmond Station
The station is just too busy, in terms of passengers inside the station, people walking up and down the pavement and the innumerable cars, taxis and buses in the road outside. I travelled to Richmond in a very full four-car Class 378 train from Highbury and Islington. As I got out, the crowds of people trying to get into the train, almost pushed me under it. Someone has done a very good job in selling Richmond to visitors. With the Overground now going to 5-car and possibly 6-car trains, the District Line going to the new larger S7 Stock and South West Trains going to a 10-car railway, coupled with increased frequencies, the overcrowding at Richmond station can only get worse.
Reading the history in Wikipedia, you feel a bit sad, that when the station was rebuilt in 1937, that Southern Railway didn’t have 20/20 foresight. But then, if you’d rebuilt this station in say 1980, you wouldn’t have correctly predicted the increase in passenger numbers everywhere on the UK Rail network.
Richmond station would appear to be one of the worst victims of overcrowding, I’ve seen recently, where there is no obvious resolution.
Platforms 1 and 2, which are the through platforms have eight 10-car trains an hour each way and the shear numbers of passengers these trains generate totally overwhelms the station. So for a start these platforms, which have a separate passage from the main entrance, needs to be rebuilt to modern standards with escalators and lifts. Looking at the overhead image of the station, there is actually plenty of space at the London end of the station by the Church Road bridge. Perhaps as people now increasingly use contactless ticketing, a simple bridge and exit could be made here to ease the overcrowding I saw.
The suggestion in the comment to my post, Where Next For The Overground, says that the following should be done.
Remodelling track between Kew & Richmond to allow Overground trains to access the Richmond currently used by South West trains,
That may sound easy, but it would mean a flat junction, where trains coming from Kew had to cross the busy main line to London. Putting in such a junction would probably mean the lines to and through Richmond had to be closed for a few months, so even if it is feasible in an engineering way, the disruption would be unacceptable to regular users of the line.
It adds to the case for doing some or all of these things.
1. Make the station fully step-free, with escalators and lifts.
2. Put a footbridge and an exit on the London end of the station. The exit may be problematical, as the bridge might be architecturally important. I forgot to take a photo. Could this bridge be the tail that is wagging the dog? If it has to be rebuilt, to solve the problems of Richmond station, then so be it.
3. It is a real pity that the rebuilding in 1937, didn’t put an entrance to Platforms 1 and 2 on the other side of Kew Road, as this would have helped. But they didn’t although the two platforms are being extended in that direction, to accept the 10-car trains. This Google Map shows how the trains pass under Kew Road.
Richmond Station And Kew Road
4. At Liverpool Street a few weeks ago, they replaced a constricted gate line in the Underground station with a much wider one and this opened up the station considerably. It might be possible to do something of a similar nature at Richmond to free up the crush I experienced at the gate, which will only get worse.
If the passenger routes were freed up and especially, if a second footbridge was added, then passengers wanting to go to Twickenham from the North London and District Lines, would walk to the back of the train, go to the footbridge and walk across to Platform 1 to get any of the numerous trains. Remember that both the Class 378 trains and the S7 Stock are walk-through trains and many passengers now regularly position themselves for their destination.
In addition at Richmond something must be done to reduce the flow of people and vehicles in front of the station. For instance, there are more taxis at the station, than I’ve ever seen at a suburban station. But then it is an upmarket area, where only losers walk or use buses.
Waterloo To Reading via Richmond
There is another factor that will put pressure on Richmond in the future and that is the two trains an hour link to Reading. By the end of the decade Reading will have developed into one of the most important stations in the South East to the West of London. Richmond has good connections to a lot of South and South West London, so will passengers to and from the West change at Reading and go via Richmond. They probably wouldn’t now, but as the network develops and Crossrail doesn’t go anywhere near the South West of London, until Crossrail 2 is built, Richmond will get more overloaded, so some easy interchange between the lines at the station is essential.
Twickenham
Twickenham has two major problems.
It is obviously the station of choice for rugby at Twickenham and this Google Map shows that they are fairly, but not that close.
Twickenham Stadium And Station
If you read the history of the station in Wikipedia, you’ll see that the station is a bad sufferer of both wartime problems and advanced Topsy-syndrome, as is my local station at Highbury and Islington.
But even sorting the station for this year’s Rugby World Cup has been a planning obstacle race as this Future section in the Wikipedia entry says.
The RFU has petitioned the government to improve the station to be ready to handle the increased use during the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Network Rail has consented to a plan to improve the station and the rolling stock, but progress has stalled because of disagreement between the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames council and some local residents. A judicial review was carried out in December 2012 of the planning permissions that had been granted. These reviews are now complete and construction will start in 2014.
My pictures show, that Twickenham station appears to be being rebuilt. It doesn’t look to me that everything will be finished for the start of the tournament on September the 18th.
Waterloo To Reading Via Richmond And Twickenham
There is another factor that will put pressure on Richmond in the future and that is the two trains an hour link to Reading. By the end of the decade Reading will have developed into one of the most important stations in the South East to the West of London. Richmond has good connections to a lot of South and South West London, so will passengers to and from the West change at Reading and go via Richmond. They probably wouldn’t now, but as the network develops and Crossrail doesn’t go anywhere near the South West of London, until Crossrail 2 is built, Richmond will get more overloaded, so some easy interchange between the lines at the station is essential.
Heathrow
It is no secret that many parties would like to see rail links from the West and/or Waterloo into Heathrow, whether or not the airport is the chosen airport to be expanded in the South East.
We’ve had Heathrow Airtrack, Airtrack-Lite and now we’ve got the Windsor Link Railway, with perhaps only the last one still in existence.
The Windsor Link Railway is a very innovative project, which initially links the two rail lines to Windsor with a cut-and-cover tunnel and a new station called Windsor Royal.
The two current stations of Windsor & Eton Riverside and Windsor & Eton Central, would be closed and I doubt there would be any problems finding profitable uses for the sites. Since I wrote the original version of this post, I’ve been to Windsor and walked the route of the Windsor Link Railway through the town.
Further phases of the project would create a link into Heathrow, that would be accessible to both trains from the West and Waterloo.
Even if the link isn’t built in the form proposed by the Windsor Link Railway, there is a high chance that a link that connects both West and Waterloo is built.
I like this project, as I think it has some very big advantages.
1. Not many serious engineers would propose to build a tunnel in the middle of an historic town, up close to one of Her Majesty’s most iconic residences, unless they were absolutely sure that it would work. But look at this Google Map of Central Windsor and the two stations.
Central Windsor And Stations
For a start, it looks like the position and alignment of the two stations is in favour of their plan, to build a cut-and-cover tunnel between them, with the proposed Windsor Royal station perhaps, where what looks to be a coach park is located.
2. The space is sufficient to have a station big enough for the ten-car trains on the line.
3. The plan doesn’t say whether the tunnel will be single-track or double-track. Obviously, costs and space will decide the design.
4. There doesn’t appear to be many properties in the way of the tunnelling, as most of the route is either vehicle parks, public gardens or roads.
5. When fully realised the project connects both the West and Waterloo into Terminal 5 at Heathrow between Sunnymeads and Wraysbury stations. This Google Map shows the location of the stations in relation to Terminal 5.
Into Terminal 5
The stations are on the line running to the North-West to the left of the reservoir.
6. Compared to other proposals, this scheme doesn’t need as much tunnelling to link up to the existing stations at Heathrow, being able to use a bridge over the M25.
7. In addition with a reinstated curve at Frimley, trains from Basingstoke and Ascot could have access to the airport. But that is just a couple of many places, who would find they are just a single change away from Heathrow.
Crossrail 2
If Twickenham Stadium and Heathrow are two elephants rampaging through the transport system of South West London, then Crossrail 2 is a third.
According to the current plan, Twickenham Station will be a terminus for Crossrail 2. The route to the proposed tunnel portal at Wimbledon, will be by way of these stations.
- Strawberry Hill
- Teddington
- Hampton Wick
- Kingston
- Norbiton
- New Malden
- Raynes Park
It follows quite a bit of the route of the Kingston Loop Line, which along with other lines in South West London will become part of Crpssrail 2.
If we look at Abbey Wood and Shenfield stations on Crossrail, Twickenham and the other termini of Crossrail 2, will probably need two platforms, which shouldn’t be a problem.
With my Project Management hat on, I think that any serious construction program for Crossrail 2 will see the suburban sections South of Wimbledon and North of Tottenham Hale brought up to Crossrail standard , before the serious work of the central tunnel. In my view not starting some of the update of the surface sections to Abbey Wood, Heathrow, Reading and Shenfield on Crossrail until the tunnelling was well underway, may have created problems. At least I’ve not seen any good reason for not starting at some of the stations, which are in desperate need of improvement, repair or full step-free access.
The question also has to be asked is what effect does the thoughts behind the Windsor Link Railway have on the layout of the Crossrail 2 branches South of Twickenham?
Surely, if Heathrow is a sensible terminal for Crossrail, then there are good reasons to think that it could be a sensible terminal for Crossrail 2. This would link Heathrow directly to St. Pancras International, Kings Cross, Euston, Victoria, Clapham Junction and Tottenham Hale for ongoing travel. Most London terminals and major interchange stations, like Clapham Junction, Old Oak Common and Stratford would be directly linked to Heathrow by either Crossrail or Crossrail 2. The other terminals that miss out are.
Cannon Street – Avoid by using Crossrail 2 to Victoria or Crossrail/Thameslink to London Bridge
Charing Cross – Avoid by using Crossrail 2 to Victoria or Crossrail/Thameslink to London Bridge
Fenchurch Street – Avoid by using Crossrail to Liverpool Street, Stratford or Shenfield and then another route.
London Bridge – Crossrail or Crossrail 2 to Farringdon then Thameslink.
Marylebone – Crossrail to Paddington and Bakerloo.
Waterloo – Avoid by using Clapham Junction or Crossrail to Paddington and Bakerloo.
It does seem to me that our Victorian railway planners didn’t future-proof their London terminals very well.
Vauxhall
I came home via Vauxhall station and the Victoria Line.
The interchange is being upgraded, with lifts in the rail station leading to the subway and improvements in the tube station.
When the upgrade is finished, it will make things a lot easier for those like me, who live near the Northern section of the Victoria Line, to get to places in South West London.
Using Waterloo is difficult, as we live on the wrong branch of the Northern Line, and all other lines that serve the station don’t go near Islington, Hackney, Harringey or Waltham Forest. The only easier way to get to Waterloo is to use the Waterloo and City Line, unless it’s the rush hour or the weekend.
Clapham Junction is a simple journey, but it takes forever on the Overground.
Conclusion
This line can be improved to be a more useful part of London’s rail infrastructure.
But it won’t really be sorted until Crossrail 2 is completed.
Airport Junction Looks Almost Complete
On my way back from Oxford, I was able to get these pictures of Airport Junction, which has been updated to take Crossrail to Heathrow.
It would appear to be almost complete.
Some reports say that trains will be using the new upgraded flyover this year.
Network Rail Plans Another Tunnel Into Heathrow
We may not build the tunnel boring machines any more, but we certainly know how to dig holes better than most, as Crossrail is showing.
We also seem blessed with a geology that in many places, has the consistency of Emmental cheese.
So it is not a surprise that a news item in Modern Railways has reported that Network Rail are planning on creating the access into Heathrow from the West using a 5 km tunnel from between Iver and Langley to the airport.
This Google Earth map shows the area.
Langley To Heathrow
The blue line is the Piccadilly Line at the airport and the red arrow indicates Langley station. Iver station is towards London just before the M25. I would assume that the new tunnel will vaguely follow the M25 and link up to the airport at Terminal 5. It would probably be dug from Langley with a lot of the route directly under the motorway, so the work would not affect any sensitive sites.
I doubt it’s a plan, that will stir up much opposition, except in the area, where it leaves the Great Western Main Line. This Google Earth image shows the area in detail.
Langley And Iver
A quick look at this image, would appear to show that it’s mainly farmland with no housing, for quite a bit of the way between Langley and Iver stations.
Another plus point of this plan, is that the Class 345 trains being developed for Crossrail could probably be used on the new line to connect it to Reading and/or Oxford, if the Heathrow station was built to Crossrail dimensions and standards.
It is in some ways a pity, that Crossrail wasn’t designed to go to Terminal 5 at the airport and then on to Reading in the first place. But then some of the design of the western end of Crossrail had more to do with making sure that British Airways and Heathrow Airport didn’t get upset. It doesn’t matter if they do, as they are secondary to all the passengers and staff who use the airport. After all if the passengers aren’t happy with Heathrow, after Crossrail/Thameslink opens, they can easily get to Gatwick and Luton.
I think that this is a very sound plan and if it could be routed to serve all terminals at Heathrow by perhaps going back-to-back with the current Crossrail line being built to the airport, we’d get a much better service to London’s main airport.
So if we end up with effectively a new Crossrail loop line, that leaves the Great Western at Airport Junction, goes round all the Heathrow terminals and then after Terminal 5 connects to the Great Western between Langley and Iver, what are the consequences.
1. The plan rectifies the big fault of Crossrail not serving Terminal 5.
2. It gives passengers what they want. Going to any terminal at Heathrow from either the West or London, you just get on a Crossrail train that is using the Heathrow loop line and get off at Terminal 1/2/3, Terminal 4 or Terminal 5. Some journeys to Heathrow now sometimes need a change of train at the airport.
3. Crossrail will be used to transfer between terminals.
4. A plan like this, is the last nail in the coffin of Heathrow Express, which will probably be on permanent life support after Crossrail opens anyway. Another nail will be driven, when Old Oak Common station opens as a major transport interchange.
5. When Heathrow Express is dropped, Network Rail will be pleased, as it will free up two platforms at Paddington, for long distance services to Wales and the West Country.
6. There will also be new platform space at Heathrow Terminal 4 and 5, as if all Crossrail trains to Heathrow are going straight through, there will be no need for terminal platforms under the airport. These platforms could be used for the new Crossrail loop line.
7. All rail traffic to and from the Airport will be controlled by Transport for London. This can only be a good thing for reasons that are too numerous to list.
8. British Airways will be livid at the loss of Heathrow Express and the handing of all rail transport to TfL. So be it! There are lots of other airlines!
9. Heathrow Airport may or may not be expanded. But surely a rail line passing under most of the airport would be much easier to fit into new terminals.
10. If you are going to Heathrow 123 today from Tottenham Court Road station, it takes 55 minutes by tube all the way. The Crossrail journey should take 30 minutes and it will be fully accessible. I doubt that Transport for London would close the Piccadilly Line to Heathrow, but I can see it becoming a very quiet way of getting to and from Heathrow.
So I think it is true to say that creating a direct tunnelled link into Heathrow from the West should please everybody, except those who feel that the dinosaur that is Heathrow Express should be preserved.
Why Would Anybody Use Heathrow Express?
On Tuesday, I’m off to Malta from Heathrow on the 11:25 flight.
I’ve just consulted Transport for London’s journey planner. If I go anywhere and especially west of Kings Cross on the Piccadilly line, I generally take a 141 bus from the corner by my house to Manor House station and get the line from there.
I’ve just seen how long it takes from Manor House to Heathrow Terminal 4, where my flight leaves. It takes 67 minutes if you take the Underground all the way and ten minutes less if you take a route using Heathrow Express, which involves a several changes of train including one at the airport to get to Terminal 4.
So for a saving of ten minutes, I pay a lot of money and have a lot more hassle.
The Underground may be unsexy, but it is generally reliable and a lot more convenient.
Crossrail will be faster and probably save me upwards of half-an-hour getting to Heathrow, unless I want to go to Terminal 5.
Gatwick Makes A Pitch For The Third Runway
Canary Wharf tube station is all decked out in adverts for expanding Gatwick.
It’s certainly a tough fight between the two airports about which one gets developed.
On the ninth of October, I had a letter published in The Times, under the title, Plane or Train?
Sir, The closure of Richard Branson’s Little Red airline (News, Oct 7) comes at a time when people in their millions are rediscovering trains, raising a question over the attraction and viability of short-haul air services. Together with the introduction of aircraft that can carry up to a third more passengers, this leads me to wonder whether we need new runway capacity.
Effectively, it is a shorter reworking of some of the arguments in Hot Air Over London’s Airports.
To also stoke up the fire, Heathrow Hub were also advertising heavily in the papers at the weekend.
As I said in Hot Air Over London’s Airports, I quite like this proposal. This liking gets bigger every time I read about it.
One thing their reports and all the other proposals don’t talk about for obvious reasons, is the unpredictability of some of the world’s worst air accidents. Just read up on the circumstances that led to the Tenerife Airport Disaster.
For this and other reasons, I would leave the decisions to the professionals. And they will probably say that some proposals have a bigger safety margin than others!
But I still feel my last statement in the Hot Air post might be correct.
But I have this sneaking suspicion that no new runways will be built or extended and in twenty years time or so, we’ll wonder what all the fuss was about.
Passengers will just choose their airports with more care and airports will be competing with us with better and better facilities and more point-to-point flights.
But then some politician might want to add his name to a new London airport.
The Anonymous Widower 