I Have Just Setup My July Tax Payment
I received my Self Assessment Statement yesterday and have just setup the payment on-line.
My father didn’t do any Government printing, as he said, that they always wanted very small type and at fifty, his eyes weren’t up to it.
I find in checking the account to pay the money, that the form is still confusing and I need to get my magnifying glass out.
- There would also appear nowhere to print a large format version of the instructions.
- Or details in another language for that matter!
- There is a help web-address at the bottom. In very small type. It should be in an easy-read twelve point type.
HMRC can do better!
But they don’t care, as if you put in the wrong amount, it’s your fault not theirs.
Major Upgrade Planned For Norwood Junction Railway Station
The title of this post is the same as that of this article on IanVisits.
Ian introduces his article like this.
A somewhat shabby, and yet quite busy station in South London could get a major makeover if plans by Network Rail are approved.
The proposals are part of the wider plan to clean up the mess of tracks around Croydon to boost the capacity of the lines through the area, but it is also a stand-alone project.
Ian also has this visualisation of the upgraded Norwood Junction station.
Note.
- London Bridge station is to the left with East Croydon station to the right.
- The Main station entrance is on the near side, with the Clifford Road station entrance on the far side.
- Platform 1 & 2 is the highlighted island platform on the near side.
- Platform 3 & 4 is the highlighted island platform on the far side.
It looks expensive with two step-free bridges.
Both bridges have four sets of steps to.
- The Main Station Entrance.
- The Northbound Platform 1 & 2,
- The Southbound Platform 3 & 4
- The Clifford Road Entrance.
In addition, the Southern bridge has four lifts to the two entrances and two platforms.
These pictures show the current state of the station.
Currently, the station has three island platforms.
- They are connected by a well-lit, step-only subway.
- Some platforms are too short for twelve-car trains.
- The wooden buidings need a quality makeover. Where is Terry Stollery, when you need him?
- In the new layout, the central island platform will be removed, to allow a pair of fast lines through the station.
- One advantage of the subway is during the station upgrade, it can still be used to access the middle platforms, thus easing construction and causing less disruption for passengers.
After the upgrade, the layout will be as follows.
- Platforms 1 & 2, which are currently Platforms 2 & 3, would be for Northbound trains, with perhaps Platform 1 for stopping and Overground services and Platform 2 for limited-stop and Thameslink services.
- Platforms 3 & 4, which are currently Platforms 5 & 6, would be for Southbound trains, with perhaps Platform 3 for stopping and Overground services and Platform 4 for limited-stop and Thameslink services.
The subway will probably be closed.
Improved Train Services
For people like me, who live on the Overground, North of Norwood Junction station, hopefully it will solve the problem of getting to Gatwick Airport.
- It’ll just be a walk across the platform at Norwood Junction station, instead of a tram between West Croydon and East Croydon stations.
- In the future, would the cross-platform interchange help travellers between Crossrail and Gatwick and the South Coast?
- The Zeus of the Timetables could even make it better, by increasing the frequency of Thameslink trains between Norwood Junction and Gatwick Airport stations to match the four trains per hour (tph) between Dalston Junction and West Croydon stations.
Note that the day, I took the pictures Bedford and Highbury & Islington trains were in the current Platforms 2 & 3.
Up here in sometimes-forgotten Dalston, I’ll certainly give this new layout at Norwood Junction station, a high score, if the trains are changed to use it to advantage.
Norwood Junction Will Become A Major Interchange!
The walk-across interchange between Northbound services on platforms 1 & 2 and Southbound services on platforms 3 & 4, will mean that the station, will become the station where travellers will prefer change trains.
Suppose you were travelling from Luton to Epsom.
The Journey Planner on http://www.national.co.uk, suggests a double change at Farringdon and Carshalton, with a journey time of 1 hour and 51 minutes.
The upgraded Norwood Junction station, would allow the journey to be done in two legs.
- Luton and Norwood Junction – one hour and three minutes.
- Norwood Junction and Epsom – 29 minutes.
It could be quicker and it is a cross-platform change, where hopefully, there will be a climate-controlled waiting room and a coffee stall.
Current frequencies going North are as follows.
- Anerley – Six tph
- Balham – Two tph
- Battersea Park – Two tph
- Bedford – Two tph
- Brockley – Six tph
- City Thameslink – Two tph
- Clapham Junction – Two tph
- Crystal Palace – Two tph
- Dalston Junction – Four tph
- Farringdon – Two tph
- Flitwick – Two tph
- Forest Hill – six tph
- Gypsy Hill – Two tph
- Haggerston – Four tph
- Harlington – Two tph
- Harpenden – Two tph
- Highbury & Islington – Four tph
- Honor Oak Park – Six tph
- Leagrave – Two tph
- Hoxton – Four tph
- London Blackfriars – Two tph
- London Bridge (Non-stop) – Two tph
- London Bridge (Stopping) – Three tph
- London St. Pancras – Two tph
- London Victoria – Two tph
- Luton – Two tph
- Luton Airport Parkway – Two tph
- New Cross Gate – Six tph
- Penge West – Six tph
- Rotherhithe – Four tph
- Shadwell – Four tph
- Shoreditch High Street – Four tph
- St. Albans City – Two tph
- Streatham Hill – Two tph
- Surrey Quays – Four tph
- Sydenham – Six tph
- Wandsworth Common – Two tph
- Wapping – Four tph
- West Norwood – Two tph
- Whitechapel – Four tph
Current frequencies going South are as follows.
- Carshalton Beeches – Two tph
- Cheam – Two tph
- Coulsdon Town – Two tph
- Earlswood – Two tph
- East Croydon – Six tph
- Epsom – Two tph
- Ewell East – Two tph
- Gatwick Airport – Two tph
- Horley – Two tph
- Purley – Four tph
- Purley Oaks – Two tph
- Redhill – Two tph
- Reedham – Two tph
- Salfords – Two tph
- South Croydon – Two tph
- Sutton – Two tph
- Waddon – Two tph
- Wallington – Two tph
- West Croydon – Eight tph
In addition these services pass through.
- Bedford and Brighton – Two tph
- Cambridge and Brighton – Two tph
- London Brifge and Caterham & Tattenham Corner – Two tph
- London Bridge and Uckfield – Two tph
- Peterborough and Horsham – Two tph
It is a very comprehensive list of services and possible destinations.
I believe that if a few more trains stopped at Norwood Junction station, there could be at least two tph to every station connected to Norwood Junction station, with these higher frequencies to the more important stations.
- Bedford – Four tph
- Brighton – Four tph
- Canada Water – Four tph
- City Thameslink – Eight tph
- Clapham Junction – Four tph
- Crystal Palace – Four tph
- Dalston Junction – Four tph
- East Croydon – Eight tph
- Epsom – Four tph
- Farringdon – Eight tph
- Finsbury Park – Four tph
- Gatwick Airport – Four tph
- Highbury & Islington – Four tph
- London Blackfriars – Eight tph
- London Bridge (Non-stop) – Four tph
- London Bridge (Stopping) – Four tph
- London St. Pancras – Eight tph
- London Victoria – Four tph
- Luton – Four tph
- Luton Airport Parkway – Four tph
- St. Albans City – Four tph
- Stevenage – Four tph
- Sutton – Four tph
- Welwyn Garden City – Four tph
- West Croydon – Eight tph
- West Hampstead Thameslink – Four tph
- Whitechapel – Four tph
These frequencies could be attained, by stopping a few extra services at Norwood Junction station.
It is certainly comprehensive and getting to most important areas of Central London is direct or a single change.
- The step-free changes to Crossrail at Farringdon and Whitechapel will allow simple access to Canary Wharf, the City,, Heathrow, Paddington, the West End and all the towns and cities on the branches.
- The Bakerloo Line Extension will connect at New Cross Gate.
- The Central Line doesn’t connect
- The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines connect at Farringdon, Kings Cross St. Pancras, London Blackfriars and Whitechapel.
- The Jubilee Line connects at Canada Water, London Bridge and West Hampstead Thameslink.
- The Northern Line connects at Kentish Town, Kings Cross St. Pancras and London Bridge
- The Piccadilly Line connects at Finsbury Park and Kings Cross St Pancras.
- The Victoria Line connects at Finsbury Park, Highbury & Islington and Kings Cross St. Pancras.
But there are some important places that are not well-connected or have difficult interchanges to Norwood Junction station.
- Euston station, High Speed Two and the West Coast Main Line.
- Cannon Street, Charing Cross and Waterloo mean a complicated interchange at London Bridge.
- The connections to Great Northern services, the North London Line and the Victoria Line at Highbury & Islington need serious improvement.
- South East London needs going to London Bridge and coming out again!
Radical thinking and serious improvement is needed.
Milton Keynes Central and East Croydon
This is a useful service for some..
It calls at Bletchley, Leighton Buzzard, Tring, Berkhamsted, Hemel Hempstead, Watford Junction, Harrow & Wealdstone, Wembley Central, Shepherd’s Bush, Kensington (Olympia), West Brompton, Imperial Wharf, Clapham Junction, Balham, Streatham Common, Norbury, Thornton Heath, Selhurst.
But, it has problems.
- It has a high level of cancellation.
- It has a totally inadequate hourly frequency.
- It has no connection to the North London Line at Willesden Junction.
- It blocks a platform at East Croydon, when it turns round.
In his report on Southern, Chris Gibb recommended that the service be the responsibility of the London Overground. I wrote about this in Gibb Report – East Croydon – Milton Keynes Route Should Be Transferred To London Overground.
To connect High Speed Two at Old Oak Common, there needs to be a four tph service between Croydon and Old Oak Common.
Transport for London are proposing a new Hythe Road station on the West London Line..
- It will be a seven hundred metre walk to the High Speed Two station. That is too long!
- There will be a bay platform to turn trains from Clapham Junction.
- Trains still won’t be able to call at Willesden Junction for the North London Line.
I think that building Hythe Road station is a bad idea.
This map shows the lines in the area.
Surely, the West London Line should have been re-routed over the Eastern end of Old Oak Common station at right angles, which would have the following benefits.
- Quick and easy interchange with High Speed Two, the Great Western Main Line and Crossrail.
- The ability to add bay platforms to terminate services.
- Sharing of station services with the other stations.
Perhaps, though this practical passenger and operator-friendly idea would have ruined the architect’s vision.
Or is it, that the current track layout to connect to the West Coast Main Line only allows crap solutions.
Surely, the amount of money being spent on High Speed Two allows the best to be done everywhere.
London Overground principles say that services must be at least four tph.
The simplest way to do this would be to extend the current Stratford and Clapham Junction service via Willesden Junction to Croydon.
- It would call at Balham, Streatham Common, Norbury, Thornton Heath, Selhurst, if it followed the current route.
- I doubt that East Croydon station could handle four tph terminating at the station.
But why not use the route taken by London Victoria and West Croydon services via Wandsworth Common, Balham, Streatham Hill, West Norwood, Gipsy Hill, Crystal Palace, and Norwood Junction, to terminate at West Croydon?
- This route calls at Norwood Junction, with all its connectivity.
- If needed, there is space for a new platform at West Croydon.
I’ve no idea, what will happen, but the upgrade at Norwood Junction station should help.
Suppose you were going between Gatwick and High Speed Two.
- The standard route will be Thameslink and Crossrail with a change at Farringdon.
- A surface route with a change at Norwood Junction could be an alternative.
The second may be more pleasurable.
Upgrading The Station
In Winner Announced In The Network Rail Footbridge Design Ideas Competition, I wrote how the competition was won by this bridge.
So could two factory-built bridges like this be installed at Norwood Junction station?
- The design is adaptable to multiple spans over the tracks.
- Lifts could be left out for one bridge.
- Once the site is prepared, I believe the bridges can be quickly installed, probably from a train with a crane.
- The bridge is probably more affordable, than a traditional design.
During the installation period, the existing subway can be used for platform access.
Conclusion
Obviously, I am speculating that the new footbridge system will be used at Norwood Junction station.
But the new platform and track layout at the station, will certainly improve services on these routes.
- Between East Croydon and London Bridge stations.
- Between East Croydon and the London Overground and Crossrail.
- Between the Overground and Gatwick Airport station and the South Coast.
All of the interchanges will be step-free and some will be cross-plsatform.
Are
Engie Partners Innovate UK For £4 Million Energy Transition Competition
The title of this post is the same as this article on Current News.
- This is an interesting link-up between the UK Government Agency; Innovate UK and the French energy giant; Engie.
- Wikipedia defines energy transition as a long-term structural change in energy systems.
- It is the first time Innovate UK has secured overseas private funding.
- It aims to fund the very best of \british innovation in clean growth innovation.
- Grants of between £100,000 and £1.2 million will be awarded.
- There appears to be no mention of Brexit!
It looks to me, like a very strong endorsement of British innovation and the British energy industry by the French.
I also think, that if there is one industry where the British and the French should be linked, it is energy.
The UK has the following energy sources and resources.
- Offshore and onshore oil and gas.
- Redundant gas fields for carbon capture and storage.
- Offshore and onshore wind.
- Large areas of sea for offshore wind.
- We have 8,183 MW of installed offshore wind capacity, which is the largest in the world.
- The possibilities of tidal and wave power from a long Western coast.
- Vast experience in building off-shore structures in some of the worst weather on the planet.
- Interconnectors to Norway and Iceland to import their surplus geothermal and hydroelectric energy.
Could we become a renewable-energy powerhouse?
The French have the following.
- Nuclear power, some of which will need replacing.
- Only 500 MW of offshore wind.
- More solar power than we have.
- Easy connection to North Africa for solar power.
But in some ways, most important is the several interconnectors between the UK and France, with more planned.
Conclusion
Between the UK and France, with help from Ireland, Spain and Portugal, can develop a massive Western European renewable energy powerhouse, backed by the following, non-renewable or external sources.
- French nuclear power.
- North African solar.
- Icelandic geothermal power
- Icelandic hydro-electric power
- Norwegian hydro-electric power
It should be noted that in a few years, the UK will have joined Iceland, Norway and North Africa outside of the European Union.
I believe that Sovereign Wealth Funds, Hedge Funds, Pension Funds, Insurance Companies and other individuals, groups and organisations will increasingly see renewable energy as good places for long-term investment of their funds.
The two big problems are as follows.
- What happens when all these renewable energy sources are producing more energy than we can use?
- What happens when there is an energy deficit?
Energy storage is the solution, but the amount needed is massive.
In Airport Plans World’s Biggest Car Parks For 50,000 Cars, I looked at the mathematics in using car parks for electric cars for energy storage.
These are a few figures.
- Electric Mountain is the UK’s largest electricity storage scheme with a capacity of 9.1 GWh.
- The largest battery in the world is the Bath County Pumped Storage Station with a capacity of 24 GWh, which works on similar principles to Electric Mountain.
- Building another Electric Mountain would cost £1350 million, if we could find somewhere to put it.
But supposing half the 35.5 million cars and light goods vehicles in the UK were replaced by new electric vehicles containing a battery of around 20 kWh, that would be a total storage of 355 GWh or nearly forty Electric Mountains.
Conclusion
Harnessing all of these batteries will be an enormous challenge, but it will be ideas like this, that will enable the world to go carbon neutral by 2050.
But I don’t think we’ll ever see Trump or Xi Jinping in an electric limousine..
Airport Plans World’s Biggest Car Parks For 50,000 Cars
The title of this post, is the same as that of an article in Wednesday’s copy of The Times.
This is the first two paragraphs.
The biggest car parks in the world will be built as part of a £14 billion expansion of Heathrow amid fresh claims that the scheme will be an “environmental disaster”.
Parking for almost 53,000 vehicles will be built as part of a 30-year masterplan, even though the airport insists that expansion can be achieved without any extra cars on the road.
This sounds to be contradictory, as why would you need to build extra car parking, if there were no more extra cars on the road?
Perhaps there is a clue later in the article, where this is is a paragraph.
Heathrow said that the overall number of parking spaces would “not change materially from today”, insisting that spaces were simply being consolidated on bigger sites. It pointed out that car parks would allow for 100 per cent electric vehicle usage in the future. In total, the number of parking spaces, including those for staff and spaces at nearby offices, will grow from 64,000 today to 67,000.
Admittedly, it only says allow, but Heathrow are future-proofing themselves for the day when everyone is driving electric cars.
Heathrow and others are also planning to do the following.
- Charge a congestion charge of up to £15 a day will be imposed by 2026 to dissuade passengers from travelling to the airport by car.
- A “green loop” — a 12-mile pedestrian and cycle network — will also circle the airport.
- Finish Crossrail.
- Improve Heathrow Express.
- There will be a rail link to Reading.
- There will be a second rail link to Waterloo via Clapham Junction.
- There could be a rail link to Basingstoke, Guildford and Woking, possibly by extending Heathrow Express.
Will these measures nudge travellers in one of two positive directions?
- Using public transport to get to the Airport.
- Cycling or walking to the airport.
- Using an electric car to get to and from the Airport.
I am a Control Engineer, who spent a working life of nearly fifty years analysing data and doing mathematical calculations, hopefully to improve little bits of the world.
So What Would I Do?
It is absolutely essential that it is known, where all the vehicles to the airport are travelling to and from.
No-one is going to stop using their car, if there is no creditable alternative.
The ultimate aim must also be that, all transport within a certain distance of the Airport must be zero-carbon.
- All vehicles used by travellers and workers to get to and from the Airport.
- All vehicles bringing supplies to the Airport.
- All airside vehicles.
What will happen to those that lived in the zone?
This Google Map shows Hanwell Village to the South-West of the Airport.
Will all those residents pay the congestion charge?
But suppose Heathrow could get ninety percent of all cars travelling to the Airport and using the car parks, to be electric vehicles.
This would be 45,000 vehicles, each with a battery of between 30-60 kWh. Let’s call it, 30 kWh.
This would mean that the total of energy storage on a typical day at the Airport would be 1.35 GWh.
Compare that to the 9.1 GWh capacity of Electric Mountain.
Electric Mountain would be bigger, but intelligent control of the batteries of these electric vehicles could create a massive electricity storage resource at the Airport.
- Vehicles would be connected to a two-way vehicle-to-grid charger (V2G), when the driver went about their business at the Airport, after telling the vehicle when they would return.
- On return to the vehicle, it would have enough charge for the next journey.
- The driver would also have an app on their phone, so they could alter their expected return time.
- Whilst the driver was away, the grid would borrow electricity from the vehicle’s battery if required.
All the technology exists and National Grid are looking at ways to use electric vehicle batteries for energy storage.
National Grid have suggested, that they might even pay for the use of your battery.
I suspect that all parking for electric vehicles in the future, will work using something like this model.
Note the following calculation.
In December 2018, there were 31.5 million cars and four million light goods vehicles in the UK.
In a few years time, suppose half of these vehicles are electric with a 20 KWh battery.
That works out at an astronomical 355 GWh or nearly forty Electric Mountains.
- Electric Mountain cost £425 million in 1984.
- Applying a web inflation calculator means it would cost around £1350 million today.
- So forty Electric Mountains would cost £54 billion.
That is a lot of money and we have no place to put them.
But we have this massive storage capability in the millions of electric vehicles, that will be on the roads in a few years.
Conclusion
All future large car parks must be built to be large storage batteries, when drivers plug in their electric cars using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology.
If you were to be paid for the use of your car’s battery, would that ease the expense of owning an electric car?
Stadler Receives First Flirt Akku Battery Train Order
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article in Railway Gazette International.
This is said.
Schleswig-Holstein transport authority NAH.SH has selected Stadler to supply 55 Flirt Akku battery multiple-units to operate regional services and provide 30 years of maintenance.
Announcing its selection as preferred bidder on June 19, Stadler said that it will reveal more details when the contract is signed, which is expected after the 10-day standstill period. NAH.SH called tenders for zero-emission trains to run on non-electrified lines but did not specify the technology to be used.
NAH.SH becomes the launch customer for the Flirt Akku, which was officially unveiled last year at the Stadler Pankow factory in Berlin.
Information on the order is a bit short, but that doesn’t stop me speculating.
Do The Flirt Akku Trains Have A Power-Pack Like Greater Anglia’s Class 755 Trains?
Certainly, the Stadler Flirts for the South Wales Metro, do have both a power-pack and a battery, as Stadler use the same image for both trains and the trains have batteries.
These pictures show some of Greater Anglia’s Class 755 trains in the sidings at Crown Point Depot.
Note, these are four-car Class 755 trains with a power-pack in the middle.
In Importance Of Battery Range: Stadler’s FLIRT BMU For Greater Anglia, I referenced an article, that said that Greater Anglia’s network is too long for battery trains. But the article seemed to suggest, that Greater Anglia could go battery in the future.
Until, I get more details on the Flirt Akku, I will assume that they use a power-pack containing batteries instead of diesel engines.
As in South Wales, there could also be a mix of diesel engines and batteries in the power-pack of a Flirt Akku.
Importance Of Battery Range: Stadler’s FLIRT BMU For Greater Anglia
The title of this post is the same as a sub-section of this article on Railway News, which is entitled Stadler Presents New FLIRT Akku For The First Time.
This is said.
By contrast, Stadler recently unveiled its bi-mode (electric-diesel) FLIRT for Greater Anglia (U.K.) at InnoTrans 2018. When asked why Greater Anglia went for a diesel-electric option rather than a battery-electric option to bridge the non-electrified gaps in the network, Railway-News was told that the non-electrified distances in the U.K. are currently too great for battery-operated trains to cope with. As battery technology improves, this will hopefully change, making diesel and the need for electrification obsolete
Does this infer the following?
- Greater Anglia would have preferred to use battery-electric trains.
- It is possible to swap the diesel engines in the power-pack for battery modules.
- It could be possible to swap a diesel generator for a hydrogen fuel cell.
Option three might be difficult, as you need somewhere to put the hydrogen tank within the limited UK loading gauge.
Conclusion
I think it is highly likely that as battery technology improves and Stadler are able to package it better for the Class 755 trains, that Greater Anglia will change some of their Class 755 trains to battery-electric operation.
Scottish Government Is Considering Plans To Electrify The Borders Railway
The title of this post is the same as that of this article in The Scotsman.
These reasons are given for the electrification, of the Borders Railway.
- Electric trains would shorten journey times.
- New Class 385 trains would be more reliable than the current elderly diesel trains.
- It would be an easy line to electrify, as the line was built so that overhead electrification could be added without any gauge enhancement.
I would add a few reasons of my own.
- The route is already electrified as far as Newcraighall station. This would probably ease the grid connection to the new electrification.
- I believe that electrification of a new railway, where everything is known an well-documented has a higher change of being delivered on time and on budget.
- Running Class 385 trains may also produce operating and maintenance savings.
- The Class 385 trains are serviced at the convenient Millerhill Depot.
- Electrification might help running trains across Edinburgh.
If and when the Borders Railway is extended to Carlisle, there could be very good reasons to electrify the whole route.
I will answer a few questions.
How Much Time Would a Class 385 Train Save?
Currently, trains between Edinburgh and Tweedbank currently take fifty-five minutes with seven stops.
The Class 385 trains will probably save a few minutes at each stop, so this will make the journey time a bit shorter and turnround at each end of the route will be more relaxed.
How Long Is The Section Without Electrification Of The Borders Railway?
The distance between Newcraighall and Tweedbank stations is 30.75 miles.
How Challenging Is The Borders Railway?
It is not the easiest of routes, but it is not the most difficult either. It also has a high summit.
The current diesel trains don’t seem to be working that hard, when I’ve used the railway.
Would Electrification Be Difficult?
If I look at electrification projects over the last few years in the UK, they have been delayed and suffered cost increases because of the following.
- Difficulty of raising bridges over the route.
- Connecting to the electricity grid.
- Surprises like unexpected sewers and mine workings, when installing the electrification.
Hopefully, as the Borders Railway is new railway, that is already partially electrified, this will not be a difficult electrification.
Could the Current Route Be Served By A Battery-Electric Train?
This is the big question, as it were possible, then the current Borders Railway may not need to be electrified.
In Hitachi Plans To Run ScotRail Class 385 EMUs Beyond The Wires, I talked about Class 385 trains with batteries, that #Hitachi are proposing.
Hitachi have said this.
- It would be straightforward to add batteries to give a range of twenty miles on batteries.
- Sixty miles would be possible but more difficult.
I believe that a safety-first way to run a battery-electric Class 385 train on the Borders Railway would be to do the following.
- Procure a sin-fleet of Class 385 trains, with a range of forty miles on onboard batteries.
- The trains would handle regenerative braking to the onboard batteries.
- A charging station would be provided at Tweedbank station.
The only new infrastructure would be the charging station, which I believe should be based on Vivarail’s design, which I wrote about in Vivarail Unveils Fast Charging System For Class 230 Battery Trains
- Currently, trains take just under ten minutes to turn round at Tweedbank station, which would be time enough to charge the battery.
- Vivarail’s system is fully automatic, after the driver stops the train over a length of third-rail electrified track, which is only live, when a train is connected.
Hitachi would need to fit third-rail shoes to the trains, but then they could use the design from their Class 395 trains.
Conclusion
There is currently no need to electrify the Borders Railway, if Hitachi can do the following.
- Fit batteries to a Class 385 train, to give a range of forty miles.
- Design a fast charging system and install it at Tweedbank station.
I also believe that if and when the Borders Railway is extended to Carlisle, that there could be a strong case for electrification of the whole route.
Running battery-electric Class 385 trains on the Borders Railway would be a project with a lot of winners.
- Hitachi would have a scenic demonstration route, close to a major well-connected international city.
- The Borders would get a better and more environmentally – friendly train service to Edinburgh.
- Scotrail would have a higher proportion of one class of electric trains.
But the biggest advantage could be the possibility of terminating Borders Railway services on the other side of Edinburgh, at perhaps Stirling or Dunblane.
The Shape Of Solar Farms To Come
This article on Renew Energy is entitled Gannawarra Battery-Integrated Solar Farm – Australia’s Largest – Officially Opened.
These are the first two paragraphs.
The Gannawarra solar and energy storage project near Kerang in western Victoria has had its official launch on Friday, to mark the largest pairing of a solar farm and a grid-scale battery system in Australia.
State energy minister Lily D’Ambrosio officially anointed the landmark project, which has combined 60MW of PV panels and a 25MW/50MWh battery system – Tesla’s second-biggest battery in the country so far.
Form the video in the areticle, it appears that there are 120 hectares of solar panels and the farm provides enough electricity for 25,000 homes.
It is an interesting concept and I’m sure it will be repeated around the world.
Ausralia has lots of sun, but there is no reason, why a similar system can’t be developed with tidal, wave or wind power.
The Anonymous Widower 