RTRI Tests Fuel Cell Multiple Unit
The title of this post is the same as that of this article on Railway Gazette.
This is the first two paragraphs.
JAPAN: Railway Technical Research Institute has started test running with a prototype multiple-unit which can work as a conventional or battery EMU or using a fuel cell powerpack.
Converted from an older 1·5 kV DC EMU, the test train comprises a 34 tonne motor car and 29 tonne trailer vehicle. Each car is 19 760 mm long and 2 950 mm wide. It is able to operate as a conventional EMU when running under overhead catenary, or as a battery unit off-wire, with or without the fuel cell in use to trickle-charge the batteries.
These are my thoughts.
The Hydrogen Fuel Cells.
The article says this about the hydrogen fuel cells.
Two polymer electrolyte fuel cells are contained in an underfloor module 2 600 mm long, 2 655 mm wide and 720 mm high, which weighs 1·9 tonnes.
The fuel cells are stated to have a rating of 90 kW at 200 to 350 V.
To get a handle on how powerful the hydrogen fuel cells are, these are some characteristics of a British Rail Class 456 train.
- It is a two-car electric multiple unit.
- It weighs 72.5 tonnes.
- It has an operating speed of 75 mph.
- It is a 750 VDC train.
- It has a power output of 373 kW
I wouldn’t think that the two trains are that far apart in performance and capacity.
The Japanese train has a total power output from the fuel cells of 180 kW, but it can also use power from the battery.
I wouldn’t be surprised to find out that the Japanese fuel cell and battery combination was powerful enough to power the British train.
I also think, they would fit underneath a typical British train like the Class 456 train, which has a width of 2800 mm.
The Hydrogen Tanks
The article says this about the hydrogen tanks and the range.
Hydrogen is stored in four high pressure cylinders at 35 MPa, with a capacity of 180 litres, giving a range of 72 km.
The mass of the hydrogen in the tank according to this calculator on the Internet is around 4.3 Kg.
In How Much Energy Can Extracted From a Kilogram Of Hydrogen?, I showed that a typical fuel cell can produce 16 kWh from a kilogram of hydrogen.
So the hydrogen tank can be considered a battery holding 4.3 * 16 = 68.8 kWh.
That doesn’t sound much, so perhaps the capacity figure is for a single tank. In that case the total for the train would be 275.2 kWh, which seems more in line with the battery size of Vivarail’s two-car battery prototype, which has 424 kWh.
Each tank would be something like 2500 mm long and 300 mm in diameter, if they were cylindrical. Double the diameter to 600 mm and the capacity would be over 700 litres.
The Battery
The article says the train has a 540 kW battery, which I think could be a misprint, as it would more likely be 540 kWh.
Performance
The article says this about the performance.
The four 95 kW traction motors provide a maximum acceleration of 0·7 m/s2, and an electric braking rate of 0·86 m/s2
It also says that the range is 72 km.
My observations on the performance and traction system are.
- The traction power of the two-car Japanese train at 380 kW is very similar to the 373 kW of the similar-sized British Class 456 train
- The acceleration rate is very typical of an electric multiple unit.
- Braking is regenerative and used to charge the batteries. As it should!
This leads me to conclude, that this is a train, that could run a short public service, just as the Class 379 BEMU demonstrator did in 2015.
Thoughts About Range
The range is quoted at 72 kilometres (forty five miles.) This figure is unusual in that it is very precise, so perhaps it’s the Japanese way to give an exact figure, whereas we might say around or over seventy kilometres.
Applying my trusty formula of three kWh per vehicle-mile for cruising gives a energy requirement of 270 kWh for the full range, which is close to the four-tank energy capacity of 275.2 kWh.
Comparison With Alstom’s Breeze
Alstom are building a hydsrogen-powered version of a Class 321 train, which they have named Breeze.
Like the Japanese train, this is a effectively two-car train with respect to capacity as large hydrogen tanks to give a thousand kilometre range are installed.
So do the developers of both trains feel that a hydrogen-powered train to replace two- and three-car diesel multiple units is the highest priority?
Conclusion
If nothing else, it seems the Japanese have designed a two-car electric multiple unit, that has the following characteristics.
- Practical size of two-cars.
- Most equipment underneath the train.
- Useful range.
- Acceleration and braking in line with modern units.
- Regenerative braking.
- Ability to work on overhead, battery and hydrogen power.
I am led to the conclusion, that once their research is finished, the Japanese could design a very practical hydrogen-powered train for production in the required numbers.
Japanese Car Rental Firms Discover New Trend Of Renting Vehicles For A Nap Or Quiet Lunch
The title of this post is the same as that of this story on The World News.
It was flagged up first on BBC Breakfast.
But is it any difference to my behaviour?
I generally get up, do all my daily chores and have a bath.
Then, I’ll go out about nine and take an Overground train or a bus to somewhere quiet for breakfast.
I will sometimes go as far as Richmond for breakfast in Leon.
And if the weather is hot like is it is now, I might even just sit on an air-conditioned train and read my paper or watch the news on my phone, stopping where I fancy for a coffee or a drink.
All I need to ensure, is that at some point, I stop off at a Marks and Spencer to get the food I need for supper.
Courtesy of my Freedom Pass, all this travel costs me a big fat zilch.
I call it Freedoming.
Today, though I’m roaming a bit further; Manchester. Hopefully, I’ll get a ride in one of the new Class 195 trains to Manchester Airport.
Stop It! Phone App Cries Out To Deter Japan Subway Gropers
The title of this post, is the same as that of an article on page 31 of today’s Times.
An app has been developed and deployed in Japan, where if a lady being groped on the Subway if she presses a button on the app, it displays an appropriate message on her phone.
If the groper persists, then another button, shouts out a message.
As a regular traveller on crowded London Underground and Overground trains, I know groping goes on, but I have never seen it happen, except between obviously consenting couples, who arrived and left together.
Although, you do get the odd bumping at times, but usually smiles and a sorry, say it is a genuine accident.
A Proposed Trip To Japan
Over the last few months, I have made references to battery trains built by Hitachi running in Japan.
C and myself, bought the guide for Japan, but we didn’t get far in planning a holiday there, as she became ill, with the cancer that killed her.
So perhaps now is the time to go to Japan and explore.
- The plan would be to spend a couple of weeks or so at the end of March, in a decent hotel in Tokyo and explore the country by train.
- Most of the places, I want to visit are served by bullet trains.
- I might also have a few days in South Korea.
If anybody has any ideas or suggestions, then please contact me.
Japanese Trains With Batteries
If Bombardier in Derby and the Germans in Chemnitz (Karl Marx Stadt to Jeremy and the Corbedians) are addressing battery technology, you could be sure that the Japanese would have ideas and there is this article in Railway Gazette, which is entitled Emergency batteries for Tokyo Metro trains.
This is said.
Nippon Sharyo Series 1000 trainsets operating on Tokyo Metro’s Ginza Line have been fitted with Toshiba onboard emergency batteries so that they can reach the next station under their own power in the event of a traction supply failure.
Toshiba says the SCiB lithium-ion battery is well-suited to emergency use, being resistant to external shock, internal short circuits and thermal runaway. It recharges rapidly, has a long life and a high effective capacity over a wide range of environmental conditions.
The battery draws power from the third rail during normal operation, and can supply the traction system in the event of power outage or other emergency. It can also be used for train movements within depots.
I also said this in Bombardier’s Plug-and-Play Train,
I wouldn’t rule out that all Class 345 trains were fitted with some form of onboard energy storage.
The main reasons are all given in the article about Japanese trains.
Battery Trains In Japan
Some think I’m wrong about battery trains and believe they will never catch on! But none of the doubters are engineers or physicists, and perhaps more importantly none rode the amazing Class 379 BEMU, when it was being trialled last year in Essex.
I have just searched for battery trains and found this article on the Rail Journal web site entitled Battery-Electric Trains For Japan’s Oga Line. This is said.
EAST Japan Railway Company (JR East) has announced plans to carry out trials with ac battery-electric multiple units (BEMUs) on the 26.6km Oga Line in Japan’s northern Akita prefecture from Spring 2017.
But this is not an experiment, as this is said later.
The Oga Line will be the second line on the JR east network to benefit from BEMU operation, following the introduction of EV-E301 series trains on the Karasuyama Line in Tochigi Prefecture in March 2014.
If the Japanese use BEMU (IPEMU in the UK!) technology in daily service, it can’t be their version of Mickey Mouse! The train is called an EV-E301, and looks a professional train, even if a bit spartan for use in the UK.
I just wonder when George Osborne makes his Autumn Statement today, will he be announcing new battery-electric trains or IPEMUs for all?
In my view, it’s the only way to electrify large parts of the UK and reduce the costs of electrification!
The Most Surprising News Of The Day
I must say, I was surprised that Hitachi are going to make London the worldwide headquarters of their rail business.
It is reported here on the BBC.
Let’s All Push Together
This story shows how teamwork and lots of people can do things that many would think impossible.
Japanese Do Things Differently
This report from the BBC shows that the Japanese do things differently.
A prominent Japanese politician has described as “necessary” the system by which women were forced to become prostitutes for World War II troops.
Osaka Mayor Toru Hashimoto said the “comfort women” gave soldiers putting their lives at risk a chance “to rest”.
He also said last year, that Japan needed a dictatorship.
I would hope that any British, American or European politician, who made statements like this, would be promptly booted out of office.
Yorkshire Would Be Eleventh In The Medal Table
Yorkshire Radio reporter, Jonathan Buchan calculated yesterday, that Britain’s largest county, Yorkshire would be eleventh in the Olympic medal table above Japan, South Africa and Australia. Since then the Brownlee brothers have won a gold and a bronze medal, so they must have moved up a bit.
If they get a couple more, they might just edge above Germany. They’re probably well above Prussia already!
The Anonymous Widower 