Abbey Wood Station – 21st May 2018
Abbey Wood station has been progressing and I took these pictures.
The layout of the connecting bridges between the Crossrail and North Kent Line platforms is now clear.
- At the London End, there is a simple footbridge, with steps to each pair of platforms.
- At the Main Entrance End, there are wide steps and a lift between the station ticket hall and each pair of platforms.
- The third bridge in the middle is the unusual one with wide steps and a single escalator to each pair of platforms.
I would assume, that the direction of the escalators is as follows.
- In the Morning Peak, the North Kent Line escalator is set to Up and the Crossrail escalator is set to Down, to speed passengers from the North Kent Line to Crossrail.
- In the Evening Peak, the Crossrail escalator is set to Up and the North Kent Line escalator is set to Down, to speed passengers from Crossrail to the the North Kent Line.
- At other times with less traffic, both escalators would be set to Up.
I have seen a lot of station layouts all over the UK and Europe and never one like this.
I doubt, I’ve even seen a pair of platforms connected by three separate bridges too!
Could it be a design of genius to allow thousands of passengers to change between the two pairs of platforms in a short space of time?
Other station layouts that enable this rate of passenger transfer, like the interchange between Crossrail and the Central Line at Stratford station, arrange for a cross-platform interchange, with lines going in the same direction sharing a common platform.
But that arrangement would have been difficult at Abbey Wood, unless perhaps the Crossrail tunnel emerged closer to the station or a flyover or dive-under were to be built.
Both options would have required more space and would have been a lot more expensive.
The design of Abbey Wood station with its three footbridges and wide platforms, would appear to be a more affordable alternative.
Train Length
In some of the pictures, a Class 345 train is shown in one of the Crossrail platforms.
This is a full-length train, which is 205 metres long.
The pictures show just how long these trains are.
LED Lights On The Stairs
Three of the pictures in the bottom row, show the stair handrails with their light underneath.
I Like them.
Transport for London’s New Rail Line
Today, Transport for London have taken over Heathrow Connect, in preparation for the full Crossrail.
The service is now run by TfL Rail, just like the Liverpool Street to Shenfield service in the East of London.
It’s even shown on some of the new Underground maps.
I photographed this map at Kings Cross St. Pancras.
Note the double blue line, which indicates the new route of the former Heathrow Connect, running from Paddington in the top-right corner of the map to Heathrow Terminal 4 towards the bottom-left.
The intermediate stations shown are.
- Acton Main Line
- Ealing Broadway – Change for Central and District Lines.
- West Ealing
- Hanwell
- Southall
- Hayes and Harlington
- Heathrow Terminal 2 & 3 (Heathrow Central) – Change for Piccadilly Line.
Note that TfL use Heathrow Terminal 2 & 3 for the main railway station at Heathrow and Wikipedia uses Heathrow Central.
A Trip To Heathrow From Paddington
This morning, I checked into the new TfL Rail service at Paddington, using my Freedom Pass and took the 09:11 service to Heathrow Airport.
I got out at Heathrow Terminal 2 & 3 station before returning later on another TfL Rail service to Paddington.
I took these pictures on the route.
Note that the Class 360 trains are still running on the route, as there are operational issues with Crossrail’s new Class 345 trains in the tunnel to Heathrow.
Contactless Card/Oyster To Heathrow
TfL Rail also accepts contactless card or Oyster on this route.
According to TfL’s Single Fare Finder, the single fare is £10.20 in the Peak and £10.10 in the Off-Peak.
But,I’m not sure about railcards, the affect of capping or the price if you buy the ticket on line.
Freedom Passes To Heathrow
As I’d used my Freedom Pass, the two journeys cost me a big fat nothing!
It won’t be long before the many Freedom Pass holders, will realise, that Heathrow will be in their free travel area by a comfortable train and they will possibly use it more often, than the Piccadilly Line.
TfL Rail Service Frequency
Currently, the frequency between Paddington and Heathrow is two trains per hour (tph).
Provisional service details are shown under Services in the Wikipedia entry for Crossrail, when the line opens fully in December 2019.
- Four tph between Abbey Wood and Heathrow Terminal 4 stations
- Two tph between Abbey Wood and Heathrow Terminal 5 stations
All services will call at the following stations.
- All stations between Abbey Wood and Paddington stations.
- Ealing Broadway station
- Heathrow Terminal 2 & 3 station.
Plans for stopping at Acton Main Line, West Ealing, Hanwell, Southall and Hayes & Harlington stations are yet to be decided.
I suspect that TfL would like all Heathrow trains to stop at all intermediate stations, just as services do between Liverpool Street and Shenfield, in the East of London.
But Great Western Railway may have other ideas!
Speaking for myself, I’d like to see four tph on the TfL Rail route between Paddington and Heathrow, as soon as possible.
The Future Of The Class 360 Trains
When Crossrail sort out the Class 345 trains, the five sets of five-car Class 360 trains will be surplus to requirements.
They will also be joined in the sidings in a couple of years, by twenty-one similar four car trains, that are being replaced with new Class 720 trains, by Greater Anglia.
As they are modern 100 mph trains, they should find a home somewhere!
They could even be exported to Thailand, where a similar fleet operates.
Karen’s Travel Problem
My friend, Karen, has a train problem.
She lives in Leeds and needs to go to Milton Keynes regularly.
The journey is difficult with often two changes and the need to go across Manchester.
But not from Monday!
It appears that under the new timetable, all the XX:50 trains from Leeds, go direct to Piccadilly over the Ordsall Chord and now give you twenty-five minutes to catch a direct train to Milton Keynes.
The total journey time is just under three hours.
The return journey seems quicker too!
It will be interesting to see, how much the Ordsall Chord changes journeys across Manchester!
An Unusual Service Pattern Between Paddington And Hayes & Harlington Stations
I’ve just been looking at the service pattern from Monday between Paddington and Hayes & Harlington stations.
There appears to be four (tph) provided by both TfL Rail and Great Western Railway (GWR) at most times, which means an eight tph service between the two stations.
So it would appear logical that intermediate stations get the same service.
- Acton Main Line gets two tph
- Ealing Brodway gets eight tph.
- West Ealing gets four tph
- Hanwell gets two tph
- Southall gets five tph.
I wouldn’t be surprised to see complaints.
A Hydrogen-Powered Locomotive
If Alstom’s ventures in Germany and the UK with hydrogen-powered trains, are successful, I don’t think it will be long before engineers start thinking about a hydrogen-powered locomotive.
Consider some of the various locomotives used in the UK.
- Class 66 – Diesel – 2,500 kW – Over 400 in service
- Class 67 – Diesel – 2,400 kW – 30 in service
- Class 68 – Diesel – 2,800 kW – 34 in service
- Class 70 – Diesel – 2,800 kW – 37 in service
- Class 88 – Diesel – 700 kW – Electric – 4,000 kW – 10 in service
- Class 90 – Electric – 3,700 kW – 50 produced.
- Class 91 – Electric – 4,800 kW – 31 produced
- Class 92 – Electric – 5.000 kW – 46 produced.
Note.
- Many of the diesel locomotives, like the Class 66, don’t meet the latest emission regulations.
- Class 66 locomotives spent a lot of time pulling freight trains on electrified lines.
- The Class 90 electric locomotives are getting old and need careful maintenance.
- The Rail Minister, Jo Johnson, would like to see diesel power on UK railways gone by 2040.
I have not included some of the heritage locomotives, that are regularly seen on the UK rail network pulling freight.
This picture shows a pair of Class 86 locomotives hauling a freight train through Hackney Wick station.
These two Class 86 locomotives date from the mid-1960s. But they do have 2,700 kW of power. Each!
According to Wikipedia, fourteen of Freightliner‘s thirty Class 86 locomotives are still in regular use.
Not only is this a tribute to 1960s engineering, but it does show that there is a shortage of suitable locomotives in the UK.
So could a modern environmentally-friendly locomotive be developed to fill the gap?
A Look At The Class 88 Locomotive
There could be a clue as to what could be a useful power output in the design of the Class 88 locomotive.
- These are a modern design from Shadler that entered service in 2017.
- They have a power output of 4,000 kW from electricity.
- They have a power output of 700kW from diesel.
- They can switch between power sources automatically.
- They can haul passenger trains, as well as heavy freight trains.
- They comply with Euro III B emission limits.
Did Direct Rail Services make sure they got a correctly-sized locomotive with the right capabilities?
They obviously find the diesel Class 68 locomotive to their liking, as they have bought over thirty.
So they probably knew very well, the sort of power that they would need from a dual-mode electro-diesel locomotive.
On electricity, the Class 88 locomotive is more powerful than a Class 90 electric locomotive, which commonly haul heavy freight trains on the electrified network.
In this article in Rail Magazine, the following is said about Class 88 locomotives, operating from Preston to Glasgow.
When hauling the maximum permitted load of 1,536 tonnes on the 1 in 75 banks on this route, Class 88 has a balancing speed of 34mph in electric mode or 5mph in diesel mode.
This shows how a well-delivered 700 kW, isn’t that inadequate.
I suspect that there is sufficient power to bring a heavy freight train out of Felixstowe and the other ports without electrification.
So perhaps, we should take the specification of a Class 88 train, as a starting point for the specification of a proposed hydrogen locomotive?
Possible Routes And Duties
There are also some specific problems associated with various routes and duties, where the current UK fleet of locomotives are used.
InterCity 225 Trains
There are currently thirty-one InterCity 225 trains, running on the East Coast Main Line.
- They are hauled by a 4,800 kW Class 91 electric locomotive.
- The trains consist of nine Mark 4 coaches and a driving van trailer.
- The trains were designed for 140 mph, but normally run at 125 mph.
- The trains have a capacity of over five hundred passengers.
- The trains could be made to meet all proposed access regulations for those with reduced mobility, with not a great deal of expensive work.
- Most of the trains will be replaced by Class 800 trains in the next couple of years.
- The trains are owned by Eversholt Rail Group, who are gaining a reputation for innovation.
The trains could probably give a few more years of service.
One suggestion, that has been made, would be to run the trains on the Midland Main Line.
- Sections of the route allow running at 125 mph.
- The route needs an urgent replacement for InterCity 125 trains.
- The route is only to be electrified as far as Kettering and Corby.
So an alternative and powerful locomotive would be needed, that could run on both lines with and without electrification.
The Class 91 locomotives are powerful beasts running on electricity, but with careful calculations, I’m sure that the power needed on lines with and without wires should be known.
The trains might also be formed of less coaches and selective electrification could be used in stations to accelerate the trains.
Note that accelerating the train to 125 mph, will be the major use of electricity. Hence, electrified stations would be welcome.
Expect some innovative proposals to use Mark 4 coaches from the InterCity 225 on the Midland Main Line.
Initially, could two Class 88 locomotives working in push-pull mode, handle say six Mark 4 coaches between London and Derby, Nottingham and Sheffield?
Who knows? But there are probably teams of engineers working away to create plausible solutions for the bidders for the new East Midlands Franchise, which will be awarded in April 2019.
Class 66 Locomotive Replacement
Because of their number, you see Class 66 locomotives everywhere on the UK network.
- They haul long inter-modal freight trains.
- They haul freight into and out of docks like Felixstowe, that are without electrification.
- They haul engineering trains.
- They are often seen hauling trains using diesel power on electrified lines.
But they are one of the most environmentally-unfriendly of diesel trains, which don’t meet the latest emission regulations.
How long before residents and rail passengers, start to complain about these locomotives, where electric haulage is possible?
I believe there is an increasingly urgent need for a go-anywhere replacement for the Class 66 locomotive.
It would appear, that the Class 88 locomotive, was specified so it can take over some of the duties of a Class 66 locomotive,
Could this see more orders for the Stadler locomotive?
I also believe that we could see other types of locomotive built to replace the Class 66 locomotive.
We might even see a locomotive with a lower power rating able to use electric or hydrogen power for work with all the smaller trains, that Class 66 locomotives haul.
Hydrogen Instead Of Diesel
The 700 kW diesel engine in a Class 88 locomotive is a Caterpillar C27, which drives an ABB alternator.
The engine alone weighs three tonnes.
By comparison Ballard make a hydrogen fuel cell that has an output of 100 kW, for a weight of 385 Kg.
This gives a weight of 2.7 tonnes for an output of 700 kW.
There will need to be a substantial battery. I estimate that a 500 kWh battery will weigh about eight tonnes.
On balance, the hydrogen-powered locomotive will probably be heavier than a diesel one, but it will have environmental advantages.
But with good design, I do think that a locomotive with similar performance to a Class 88 can be produced.
It might need to be longer or articulated and have more axles, to cope with extra weight.
Conclusion
I am led to the belief that a hydrogen-powered locomotive with sufficient power is possible.
They may be able to handle a lot of the duties of Class 66 locomotives, but I doubt they would be powerful enough for hauling full rakes of Mark 4 coaches.
It will be interesting to see, what solutions are proposed to solve the forthcoming rolling stock shortage on the Midland Main Line.
Thoughts On Belgium’s Coastal Tram
I enjoyed riding Belgium’s Coastal Tram, which I wrote about in Riding The Coast Tram.
The Belgians appear to be upgrading it, with rebuilt stops, track replacement and new low-floor trams, so it must have a solid future.
The nearest we have in the UK to the Belgian tram is the Blackpool Tramway. But that is very different.
- The Blackpool Tramway is just eleven miles long, as opposed to the Belgian Coast Tram’s forty-two miles.
- Frequencies are roughly similar, but the Blackpool Tramway carries five million passenger per year, as opposed to about three million for the Belgian Coast Tram.
- The Belgian tram uses metre gauge track, whereas Blackpool is standard gauge.
- The Belgian Coast Tram connects to four railway stations, whereas the Blackpool Tramway is only getting a connection to Blackpool North station in 2019.
So could we see other coastal tramways developed around the world?
The Advance Of Technology
Both tramways are embracing modern low-floor trams, but also still run heritage tram services, so tram manufacturers seem to be able to update the ride experience to modern standards, without losing all the charm of heritage trams.
The next tramway technology will be the use of tram-train technology, which is currently being trialled between Sheffield and Rotherham on the Sheffield Supertram.
This can’t be used in Belgium, as the tram and railways have different gauges, but the technology could be used in Blackpool.
I have not seen the designs for the tramway stop at Blackpool North station, but with the right track layout, it would be possible for a tram-train like the Class 399 tram-train being trialled at Sheffield, to go between Preston and Blackpool North as a train and then take to the tramway to go North to Fleetwood or South to Starr Gate as a tram.
This technology is very applicable to extend railways through a terminal station, where there is convenient geography, as at Blackpool.
There must be many places around the world, where electric trains run to a coastal station, where an extension is possible with a tramway.
And then there is battery technology, which will be used in Birmingham with trams in a couple of years.
Extensions At Blackpool
Blackpool Tramway has various possibilities for extension.
- Along the coast to Lytham St. Annes
- Reinstating the Fleetwood Branch Line from Poulton-le-Fylde as a tramway.
Tram-trains and battery power could feature to save construction costs.
Along The North Norfolk Coast
This is a route, that could be developed, to ease the traffic problems in the area.
It could connect Kings Lynn and Sheringham stations.
Conclusion
There will be other coastal tram lines built.
Where’s The Beard News?
As a beard wearer for fifty years, I wonder if Harry will be hirsute tomorrow, like his great-great-grandfather, George V, was at his wedding.
This article in The Independent discusses the question.
It says this.
- Beards are not allowed with Army dress uniforms.
- The Queen is not a fan of beards.
But Harry is a Spencer, and there will be independent thought!
Oostende Station – 16th May 2018
I caught the train back to Brussels from the building site that is Oostende station.
I’v been to various stations in the last ten years or so, that are being rebuilt, including Berlin Hbf, Liverpool Lime Street. London Bridge and Stuttgart Hbf.
But not gave out the air that was shown at Oostende station.
- Information was non-existent.
- Floors were uneven and a hazard.
- Safety seemed a bit random.
- The toilets were tucked away from the station and run by a drogon, who demanded fees for something that looked very dubious.
It very much gave the impression that passengers were not very important.
Is this the best that Belgian Railways can do?
Eurostar To And From Amsterdam
On Tuesday I took Eurostar to Amsterdam.
The trip took three hours and forty-one minutes with stops at Brussels and Rotterdam.
The Brussels stop allows passengers to leave and join, but Rotterdam only allows passengers to leave.
As the number of passengers grow between London and Amsterdam, could there come a time, when some or all Amsterdam services don’t need to stop at Brussels.
If so, how much time would this save?
Current stops by Eurostar take the following times.
- Ashford – 9 mins.
- Calais – 3 mins
- Ebbsfleet – 6 mins.
- Lille – 14 minutes
These times have been calculated by looking at similar services that have different stopping patterns.
Note that, Calais and Ebbsfleet are faster as they are stops on the direct route.
So I suspect that if an Amsterdam service could go through Brussels without stopping, something between 9-12 minutes could be saved.
This could bring the journey time between London and Amsterdam closer to three and a half hours.
What would that time do for sales of tickets?
Eurostar Hold A Lot Of Cards
Eurostar are in a very good position on this route.
- They could run a flagship express service twice a day for those in a hurry.
- This could be backed up by slightly slower services calling at places from or to where passengers want to go. These would include Ebbsfleet, Ashford and Antwerp.
- Immigration and security clearance is probably under thirty minutes at the start of the journey and perhaps ten at the end.
- Immigration and security times will be reduced, as procedures get better.
- St. Pancras, Rotterdam Centraal and Amsterdam Centraal are all very well-connected stations.
- Extra services can be added as demand dictates.
- Eurostar is more diabled-friendly and those in smaller scooters can drive in!
- They could extend some Brussels services to Amsterdam.
- I estimate that just under 4,000,000 people live within the North and South Circular Roads and have easy access by public transport to St. Pancras.
They can also create a very intelligent booking computer system, that optimises their services. Budget airlines have been doing this for years.
What About The Airlines?
Note the numbers of passengers who fly.
According to Skyscanner, there are upwards of two hundred flights a day between London and Amsterdam. An Airbus A320 holds 150 passengers, so if there are only a hundred per flight, that is 20,000 passengers per day.
Looking at the 6th of June, Eurostar are running nine trains between London and Brussels. As each new Class 374 train can hold 900 passengers, that is around 8,000 seats per day.
So the airlines have much more capacity than Eurostar and they can add and remove it, easier than Eurostar can?
The Comfort Factor
I haven’t travelled in steerage on the new trains, as I always pay about thirty-forty pounds extra for Premium Economy, so I get the following benefits.
- A very pleasant gluten-free meal.
- A much more spacious environment.
- It’s also rare that I don’t get a window seat.
But if I did use steerage, it would be a more pleasant experience than flying on a budget airline.
I think it’s been about ten years since I flew to a city within a two-hour flight of London, where there was a rail alternative.
I also tend to come home by rail, where I often get a connection to Brussels or Paris to catch a late Eurostar to London.
Comparing London-Amsterdam With London-Edinburgh
Both routes take about four hours by train, with the Dutch route slightly quicker.
Generally, trains operate between London and Edinburgh half-hourly for much of the day, whereas Eurostar only runs twice a day.
Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Schipol Airport is surely a much bigger market in terms of possible passengers, than the Edinburgh catchment area.
I think we’ll see the astute Dutch, using Eurostar as a marketing tool to attract more passengers to the Netherlands and London’s next airport at Schipol.
Especially, as the British seem very happy with a four-hour train ride in comfort.
Eurostar Will Grow Between London And Amsterdam
For these and other rambling reasons, I think that Eurostar to Amsterdam will grow to be a successful route.
The one thing they must do, is to make it possible to come back to London, without having to clear immigration and security in Brussels.
But Eurostar know that!
Amsterdam Is Just The Hors D’Oeuvre!
Once Eurostar and the Dutch get the route between London and the Netherlands working smoothly, I don’t think it will be long before other routes are inaugurated.
Eurostar have said these could be.
- Bordeaux
- Cologne and Frankfurt
- Geneva
The key will be getting the immigration and security smooth.
I think it will continue to improve, as it seems to do, every time I travel.
Remember, the Belgians, Dutch, French, Germans and Swiss will want it to be smooth, as they will want to market their delights to a whole new market, so suspect a lot of co-operation, despite the decision of Brexit.
But, I think that a limit on a journey time of four or five hours would cut out a lot of other destinations.
Although many of the destinations like Brussels, Cologne, Frankfurt, Geneva and Paris will be places to have an enjoyable day or two before taking another train ride further afield.
The 15:00 From Amsterdam Centraal To Berlin
This train that leaves Amsterdam Centraal just under two hours after the Eurostar arrives and can take you all the way to Berlin, arriving at 21:22.
But this train with a change at Osnabruck, gives you a stopping-off point to Bremen, Hamburg and the Northern part of Germany.
I first came across Osnabruck, when I was left there without a train by Deutsche Bahn, as I wrote about in From Hamburg To Osnabruck By Train.
But I found a delightful hotel on the station forecourt, called the Advena Hotel Hohenzollern.
Trip Advisor give it four out of five and currently say deals are available at under seventy pounds a night.
Osnabruck is not a tourist town, but it sits where the North-South and East-West rail routes cross.
Conclusion
As the network develops, I believe that a whole new form of tourism will take advantage.
Riding The Coast Tram
The Coast Tram in Belgium, runs along the whole Belgian coast and is the longest tram line in the world.
I took these pictures, as I rode it from Blankenberg station to De Panne station and then back to Oostende station.
From Blankenberge To Oostende
At Oostende station we changed trams before moving on to De Panne.
From Oostende To De Panne
There is a lot to see on this part of the route.
From De Panne To Oostende
Would you really want to call a theme Park Plopsaland?
I didn’t see anybody in the sea!
Ridership On The Coastal Tram
Despite the windy weather, the extended intervals due to the strike, the ridership was good.
There were people of all ages from schoolchildren, through teenagers and those going to work, to quite a few pensioners.
And like me, not all were from Belgium.
Wikipedia says this under Characteristics.
The service makes 69 stops along the 68 km line, with a tram running every 10 min during the peak summer months (every 20 min in the winter months), and it is used by over 3 million passengers. The service has recently been made more accessible by new low-floor centre sections to existing vehicles and a few new HermeLijn low-floor trams.
Given, that work was proceeding in several places, I feel the Coastal Tram has a sound future.
The Anonymous Widower 