TransPennine Express To Stop Using Loco-Hauled Push-Pull Trains In December
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on Railway Gazette.
This is the sub-heading.
TransPennine Express has confirmed that it will cease using its push-pull sets of Class 68 locomotives and MkVa coaches, previously designated Nova 3 sets, from the December 2023 timetable change.
These are my thoughts.
The Nova 3 Trains
Currently, the Nova 3 trains are made up from the following.
- 14 – Class 68 locomotives
- 52 – Mark 5a coaches
- 14 – Driving Van Trailers
Note.
- There have been complaints about the noise of the Class 68 locomotives at Scarborough and also at Marylebone with Chiltern Railways.
- The Class 68 locomotives could be switched to freight duties.
- The coaches are capable of 125 mph.
- A maximum of thirteen sets can be created.
- I suspect CAF wouldn’t object to being asked to build some more Mark 5a coaches and driving van trailers.
- The current fleet has a spare locomotive and a spare driving van trailer to allow for servicing.
All locomotives and coaches are a maximum of seven years old, so will have plenty of life left.
The Class 93 Locomotive
Rail Operations Group have ordered ten Class 93 locomotives, with twenty options, which have an impressive specification.
- Built by Stadler in Valencia.
- Same family as a Class 68 and 88 locomotive.
- Electric, diesel and battery power
- 110 mph operating speed
- Ability to pull passenger and freight trains.
- Delivery scheduled for 2023.
I believe that if the Class 68 diesel locomotive of a Nova 3 train, were to be replaced with a Class 93 locomotive, a very useful train would be created.
- It would be ten mph faster, than a Nova 3 train.
- It could use the diesel engine and the batteries to bridge gaps in electrification.
- By adding extra carriages it could be tailored to the needs of a route.
- In Vegetable Oil Fuelling Chiltern Railways Trains In UK First, I discuss how it might be possible to run all these locomotives on HVO to cut emissions.
- It could be quieter.
Could it be a simple way to reduce carbon emissions on a route?
The Successor To The Class 93 Locomotive
Stadler keep innovating in their designs for locomotives and are already building hydrogen-powered multiple units.
I can see Stadler coming up with a hydrogen-powered locomotive, with the following specification.
- In the same family as Class 68, 88 and 93 locomotives.
- Ability to do everything that Class 68, 88 and 93 locomotives can do.
- Ability to use 25 KVAC overhead electrification, where it exists.
- Ability to be able to be fitted with third-rail equipment, so it can use 750 VDC third-rail electrification, where it exists.
- At least a 110 mph operating speed.
- Range of at least 200 miles on hydrogen.
Stadler would sell a lot of these locomotives to decarbonise railways all over the world.
Possible Routes
These are possible routes for a rake of Mark 5a coaches hauled by a Class 93 locomotive or its zero-carbon successor.
Hull Trains
Consider.
- Hull Trains is an open access operator.
- Hull Trains currently have a fleet of five Class 802 trains, each of which have five-cars.
- A Class 93 locomotive has a power of 900 kW on diesel, whereas the Class 802 train has 2100 kW.
- The Class 802 train has nearly ten percent more capacity.
- In Ten-Car Hull Trains, I saw two Class 802 trains working as a pair. Does this indicate they have a capacity problem?
- Between Hull and the East Coast Main Line is only 36.1 miles and isn’t very challenging and I suspect could probably be easily handled by a Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches.
- Adding extra coaches would not be difficult and would probably be less costly than with the more complex Class 802 trains.
- Hull Trains need to have a plan to decarbonise.
- HVO could be used to cut down emissions.
A Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches could be an intermediate step to full decarbonisation with a hydrogen locomotive.
Would other operators of Class 802 trains like to increase their fleets, by adding Hull Trains’s five Class 802 trains?
TransPennine Express
Consider.
- TransPennine Express currently have four different fleets of trains, so it must cause problems with the allocation of drivers.
- The Class 397 trains are confined to the West Coast Main Line.
- So that leaves the bi-mode Class 802 trains and the diesel Class 185 trains to work the TransPennine routes.
The Wikipedia entry for the Class 802 train, gives more details of the plans for the Class 802 trains.
During October 2021, it was announced that TransPennine Express, Hitachi, and Angel Trains had agreed to convert one of the former’s Nova 1 trainsets into a battery hybrid train on a trial basis with the aim of supporting the technology’s further development. If successful, Hitachi and Angel Trains have proposed the retrofitting of the entire fleet. In January 2022, reports emerged that the Nova 1 fleet was operating under diesel power even when operating on entirely electrified sections of the East Coast Main Line on account of the insufficient power supplies present along the line; national railway infrastructure owner Network Rail is reportedly set to complete upgrades to the power supplies within two years.
The fleet is also set to benefit from the rollout of electrification under the Transpennine route upgrade scheme. The company’s management has noted that, in the event of largescale electrification being funded and implemented, the Class 802s could have some of their engines removed to reduce roughly 15% of their weight and thus raise their efficiency. Furthermore, Leo Goodwin, TPE’s managing director, has observed that while the Class 802s have an initial maximum speed of 125 mph (201 km/h), they have the capability of being modified for operating at 140 mph (230 km/h) if infrastructure upgrades were to permit such speeds at a future date.
Could an augmented fleet of battery-electric Class 802 trains handle the bulk of the TransPennine routes, with the shorter and unelectrified ones still being handled by the Class 185 trains?
These shorter routes are.
- Leeds and Huddersfield
- Manchester Piccadilly and Huddersfield
- York and Scarborough
Plans only exist to electrify Leeds and Huddersfield.
I suspect a few more battery-electric Class 802 trains would be needed.
Great Western Railway
Could a Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches be used as a replacement for the GWR Castles or short-formation InterCity125s?
- They both have four passenger coaches.
- They are both 125 mph trains.
- A Class 68 locomotive could be used on routes without electrification.
- HVO could be used to cut down emissions.
- The Mark 5a coaches would probably be quieter, as they only have one diesel engine.
A Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches could be an intermediate step to full decarbonisation with a hydrogen locomotive.
Alternatively, five-car Class 802 trains could be used as replacements for GWR Castles.
Great Western Railway also have the problem of decarbonising services between Bristol/Gloucester and Weymouth/Southampton/Portsmouth.
Great Western Railway look like they’re needing some innovative thinking.
I also suspect a few more battery-electric Class 802 trains would be needed for other routes.
Transport For Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail run a Premier Service between Holyhead and Cardiff using Class 67 locomotives and Mark 4 coaches.
According to the Wikipedia entry for Transport for Wales Rail, they have seven sets of 4/5 coaches to run this service.
If Transport for Wales Rail wanted to decarbonise this route, they would need to replace the locomotives for a zero-carbon unit.
Perhaps, their best solution, would be to wait until a suitable hydrogen-powered locomotive is available and buy seven rakes of new coaches with driving van trailers.
Grand Union
Grand Union has a detailed Wikipedia entry, where this is the first paragraph.
Grand Union is a prospective open access operator who are proposing to operate train services in the United Kingdom from England to Wales and Scotland. Grand Union is headed by Ian Yeowart, who founded previous open access operators Alliance Rail Holdings and Grand Central before selling both to Arriva.
That seems a sound foundation.
- They have permission to run trains between Paddington and Carmarthen starting in December 2024.
- They have also applied to run trains between Euston and Stirling.
- They are now backed by Spanish companies; Serena Industrial Partners and Renfe.
- They are proposing to use nine Mark 4 coaches hauled by Class 93 locomotives.
Consider.
- CAF has a factory in Wales.
- CAF has sold trains to Transport for Wales.
- The Mark 5a coaches will definitely be available by December 2024.
- Mark 5a coaches could easily be arranged as a rake of eight coaches and a driving van trailer.
- Grand Union is backed by Spanish companies.
I wouldn’t be surprised if Grand Union were to use sets of CAF-built Mark 5a coaches for their Carmarthen service. And later for their Stirling service.
A Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches could be an intermediate step to full decarbonisation with a hydrogen locomotive.
Grand Central
Consider.
- Grand Central is another open access operator.
- Grand Central has a mixed fleet of twelve five-car diesel trains.
- These trains run under electrification on the East Coast Main Line.
- According to the Wikipedia entry for Grand Central trains, they have plans for expansion across the North and to and from London.
- Grand Central need to have a plan to decarbonise.
- HVO could be used to cut down emissions.
A Class 93-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches could be an intermediate step to full decarbonisation with a hydrogen locomotive.
South Western Railway
South Western Railway have an excellent fleet of new or nearly new trains, with the exception of the diesel Class 158 and Class 159 trains, that work services between Waterloo and Exeter trains via Basingstoke and Salisbury.
- Waterloo and Exeter is 172 miles.
- Only the 47.7 miles between Waterloo and Basingstoke is electrified with 750 VDC third-rail electrification.
- Train lengths vary between five and eight cars.
- The current trains date from around 1990 and must need replacing soon.
I wouldn’t be surprised that if after a rebranding with new trains, this could be a popular route.
A version of Hitachi’s ubiquitous bi-mode Class 802 could be used.
But.
- They would need to be ordered and built.
- The third-rail gear, would need to be developed and tested.
- Passengers would be travelling for over two and a half hours with underfloor diesel engines.
An alternative could be a Class 68-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches.
- These trains would be available after release from TransPennine Express.
- They would run in TransPennine Express formation.
- Length could be adjusted by adding or removing coaches, if required.
- The noise is all in the locomotive, which is isolated from the passengers.
At some point in the future, the route could be decarbonised by swapping the locomotive for a hydrogen-electric locomotive with the ability to handle third-rail electrification.
ScotRail
ScotRail have a similar problem to Great Western Railway with their short-formation InterCity125s.
- They have 52 Class 43 locomotives and 120 Mark 3 coaches, which is probably enough for 24 trains.
- Scotland has substantial amounts of electrification.
- I feel that a Class 68-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches would be a more than adequate replacement.
- Class 93 locomotives could be used where routes are partially electrified.
- Scotland is not going to be short of green hydrogen.
When a suitable hydrogen-electric locomotive is available, these trains can be decarbonised.
CrossCountry
CrossCountry have a fleet consisting of the following trains.
- 5 – 2+7 InterCity125 trains
- 7 – two-car Class 170 trains
- 22 – three-car Class 170 trains
- 34 – four-car Class 220 trains
- 4 – four-car Class 221 trains
- 20 – five-car Class 221 trains
Note.
- The fleet is all diesel.
- I’ll ignore the Class 170 trains in this analysis.
- The Class 220 and 221 trains often work in pairs to provide the required capacity.
So how could these trains be decarbonised?
- The InterCity125s and the Class 220 and 221 trains could be replaced by a locomotive-hauled rake of Mark 5a coaches of an appropriate length.
- Motive power could be provided by an appropriate Class 68 or 93 locomotive.
When a suitable hydrogen-electric locomotive is available, these trains can be fully decarbonised.
Decarbonisation Of UK Main Line Services
It is generally assumed that the railways of the UK will need to fully decarbonise if the UK and the constituent nations are going to meet their decarbonisation targets.
I believe that my analysis shows that decarbonisation of main line passenger services can be achieved by the purchase of two types of trains.
- Five-car bi-mode Class 802 trains or similar.
- Locomotive-hauled rakes of Mark 5a coaches of an appropriate length.
Note.
- The Class 802 trains would be mainly to augment existing Hitachi fleets.
- Some Class 802 trains would be fitted with batteries instead of diesel generators to handle gaps in the electrification.
- The rakes of coaches would be powered by an appropriate locomotive.
- The lengths of the rakes of coaches would be adjusted to meet the demand of each service.
Initially, the following locomotives would be used.
- Class 68 locomotives would be used on unelectrified lines.
- Class 93 locomotives would be used on full or partially electrified lines.
When the hydrogen-electric locomotives become available, these would take over the routes, which couldn’t be decarbonised by full electrification or by using a Class 93 locomotive.
Vegetable Oil Fuelling Chiltern Railways Trains In UK First
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the BBC.
This is the sub-heading.
Passenger trains are being fuelled by vegetable oil for the first time in the UK, a train operator has said.
These are the first two paragraphs.
Chiltern Railways began using hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) to power some of its fleet on Thursday.
HVO is made mostly of used cooking oils and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90%, compared to diesel.
Note.
- There are thirty-four Class 68 locomotives in the UK and they are powered by Caterpillar diesel engines.
- There are also ten Class 88 locomotives in the UK and thirty Class 93 locomotives on order for the UK.
As the Class 88 and Class 93 locomotives , are in the same family as the Class 68 locomotive and all have Caterpillar diesel engines, I feel it is reasonable to assume that all these locomotives can run on HVO.
Amprion Reveals Energy Corridor Project To Bring 8 GW of Offshore Wind To North Rhine-Westphalia
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
Amprion Offshore has started working on an energy corridor project that would bring electricity produced by up to 8 GW of offshore wind farms in the North Sea directly to the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
This is the first paragraph.
Named Windader West, the energy corridor involves building four offshore grid connection systems that would use the new-generation 2 GW offshore grid technology. Each of the four connections (NOR-15-1, NOR-17-1, NOR-19-1 and NOR-21-1) would have a transmission capacity of 2 GW and, together, the grid connections would transmit enough electricity to cover the energy needs of eight million households in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The linked article has an excellent large scale map.
What Are The UK Doing?
There is a Wikipedia entry for Eastern HVDC, where these are the opening paragraphs.
Eastern HVDC and Eastern HVDC projects are the names used by Ofgem for two planned HVDC submarine power cables from the East coast of Scotland to Northeast England to strengthen the National Grid. The two links combined will deliver 4 GW of renewable energy from Scottish wind farms to England.
Ofgem state that “At an estimated cost of £3.4 billion for the two links, the Eastern HVDC projects would be the largest electricity transmission investment project in the recent history of Great Britain.”
The two links are called.
Note.
- SEGL1 will run from Torness in Southeast Scotland to Hawthorn Pit substation in Northeast England.
- EGL2 will run from Sandford Bay, at Peterhead in Scotland, to the Drax Power Station in Yorkshire, England.
- Both links have a capacity of 2 MW and the DC voltage will be +/-525 kV.
National Grid are also developing Eastern Green Links 3 and 4 and this is the web site.
These paragraphs describe EGL3 and EGL4.
The EGL 3 project will be a new offshore High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electrical link from Peterhead to the south Lincolnshire area.
EGL4 will be a new offshore HVDC electrical link from east Scotland, also to the south Lincolnshire area.
Where offshore projects such as these connect with the land, we also have to build onshore infrastructure to enable the clean energy to be transported, to homes and businesses. The onshore infrastructure required for each of these projects will include new converter stations and substations (in both Scotland and England), as well as underground cables to connect everything together.
Together, these projects will transfer 4GW of electricity between Scotland and England. This means that once operational, these projects will provide enough energy to power around 3 million homes.
Note.
- As with the German cables, each carries 2 MW.
- Consultation for EGL3 and EGL4 starts in early 2024.
- Both cables terminate in South Lincolnshire.
In The Lincolnshire Wind Powerhouse, I publish this map of the wind farms in the South of Lincolnshire.
Note.
- The completed Hornsea wind farm will be over 6 MW.
- The future of Norfolk Vanguard is uncertain.
- These wind farms total up to 13524 MW, but without Norfolk Vanguard the total is 11724 MW.
- According to Wikipedia, the Viking Link to Denmark will open on the 1st of January 2024.
I wrote about the Viking Link in Work Begins On New Substation For World’s Longest Electricity Cable Between Denmark and Lincolnshire.
The German And UK Cables Compared
Consider.
- Both have 4 x 2 MW capacity.
- SEGL1 and EGL2 have a cost of £3.4 billion.
- The four German cables are quoted at a total of €16-18 billion here.
- The first two UK cables have planned completion dates of 2027 and 2029.
- German completion dates are given as 2032-2036.
This leads me to this conclusion.
Building interconnectors in the sea is quicker and more affordable than building them on land.
Can You Drive A Non-ULEZ Compliant Car Along the M25 In Essex?
This Google Map shows the M25, as it curves through South-East Essex.
Note.
- The A12 goes roughly SW-NE across the map.
- It is crossed by the M25.
- The London-Essex boundary is shown by a red dotted line.
- The dotted line is not always on the Essex side of the M25.
If you drove a non-ULEZ compliant car Along the M25, would you be subject to a penalty?
Canary Wharf Move Means Expansion For Drug Trials Operator
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on The Times.
These three paragraphs outline the story.
An Aim-listed company that tests infectious and respiratory disease products on volunteers is preparing to move its operations to Canary Wharf.
Amid booming demand for its services, hVIVO, which infects volunteers with safe doses of virus agents, then quarantines them before testing the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals — in so-called human challenge trials — will move from its clinics in Whitechapel, east London, to a new larger facility near by owned by Canary Wharf Group early next year.
Canary Wharf is aiming to attract businesses from the life sciences and health sectors in a drive to become a sciences hub and less reliant on the financial services industry.
This is the second story about life science companies moving to Canary Wharf after Canary Wharf Boosts Its Science Ambitions.
I have my thoughts.
Canary Wharf Is A Transport Hub
Canary Wharf is served by the following transport links.
- Buses
- Docklands Light Railway
- Elizabeth Line
- Jubilee Line
- Thames Clipper
It is very well-connected, which means that staff and volunteers can get there easily.
Canary Wharf Is A Leisure Destination
Canary Wharf is very much more than a collection of expensive offices.
There are shops, bars, restaurants, a museum and a cinema complex.
There Is A Shortage Of Lab-Rats
I volunteer for medical research and regularly, I’m called in to help with the recruitment of more volunteers.
I suspect, that many would prefer to volunteer at Canary Wharf, rather than some parts of London.
Conclusion
I suspect that we’ll see an expansion of medical research of all kinds at Canary Wharf.
How Bradford Residents Can Share Hydrogen Power Site Views
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the Bradford Telegraph and Argus.
These paragraphs give details of the consultation.
Developers will be holding their main consultation event will be held at Ingus Hall at Kala Sangam, St Peters House.
It will take place between 3pm to 7pm on Tuesday, September.
A further event specifically for local residents living near Bowling Back Lane is being held on Monday, September 11.
This press release from Hygen, which is entitled Bradford Hydrogen Production Facility Shortlisted For Government Funding, gives more details about the project.
I shall be going.
Is London’s ULEZ Already Having An Affect On Train Travel?
Consider.
- There has been a lot of negative publicity about the ULEZ expansion, which starts on Tuesday, the 29th August, 2023.
- I doubt there are few people who will be affected by the expansion, who don’t know about it.
- I suspect many have calculated how much the ULEZ expansion will cost them.
I also suspect that some will have taken actions, which will have included.
- Bought a vehicle, that is ULEZ compliant to avoid the cost.
- Moving house or changing job may sound drastic, but the ULEZ expansion could be one of several reasons to make a large change to your lifestyle.
The easiest action, will be to increase their use of train travel, when they go inside the ULEZ.
Some may have already started to do this, so they know all the pitfalls before doing it seriously on a daily basis.
The Elizabeth Line
Over the last few months, I have written three posts about how busy the Western section of the Elizabeth Line can get.
- Very Busy Lizzie
- Elizabeth Line: Commuters Say Service ‘Not What Was Promised’
- So Many Cases On A Train!
I use the Elizabeth Line regularly and it seems to be getting even busier.
In May 2023, I wrote, these two posts.
- Elizabeth Line’s £29million Fares Bonanza As Passenger Numbers Hit New High
- Elizabeth Line Takes Fliers Away From Heathrow Express
Certainly, the Elizabeth Line is an undoubted success.
In the first of these linked posts, I suggest now might be the time to expand Elizabeth Line services.
Over the last week, I have made three trips to the outer reaches of the Metropolitan Line and I have been surprised at how busy the trains were.
Could it be that travellers are changing their routes before the ULEZ expansion kicks in?
New Trains And More Parkway Stations
Greater Anglia have replaced their commuter trains with new Class 720 trains and are building a new parkway station at Beaulieu Park.
This looks to me, that Beaulieu Park could be a ULEZ avoider.
Will other train companies use a similar strategy to attract more passengers?
Heathrow Is In The Expanded ULEZ
This page on the Heathrow web site is entitled London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone, Or ULEZ, Is Expanding To Encompass All Of Greater London, Including Heathrow Airport, From The 29 August 2023.
The Heathrow page is very informative and I suggest you read it, if you are taking a vehicle near Heathrow.
But the ULEZ will surely drive some Heathrow workers and travellers to use public transport, even if they live far from the ULEZ.
Conclusion
I suspect that more travellers will use the trains because of the ULEZ.
Chorleywood Station – 27th August 2023
This Google Map shows Chorleywood station.
Note.
- There are two through platforms, which are electrified with the London Underground four-rail system.
- There appears to be a large car park.
These pictures show the station.
Note.
- Both through platforms are electrified.
- The old K8 phone box, which I mentioned in London Underground: Platform Phone Boxes Given Listed Status.
- The quality signal box
- The defibrillator.
The station could do with a bit of a refurbishment.
Amersham Station – 24th August 2023
This Google Map shows Amersham station.
Note.
- There are two through platforms, which are electrified with the London Underground four-rail system.
- There is also a East-facing bay platform, which is electrified the same way.
- There appears to be a large car park.
These pictures show the station.
Note.
- Both through platforms are electrified.
- The East-facing bay platform is electrified.
- The station has lifts.
The station is only a short walk from the town centre and there are plenty of cafes nearby.
Chalfont & Latimer Station – 26th August 2023
This Google Map shows Chalfont & Latimer station.
Note.
- There are two through platforms, which are electrified with the London Underground four-rail system.
- There is also a West-facing bay platform, which is electrified the same way.
- The bay platform used to host a shuttle to Chesham station.
These pictures show the station.
Note.
- Both through platforms are electrified.
- The bay platform could be operational, although the rails seem a bit rusty.
- The old K8 phone box, which I mentioned in London Underground: Platform Phone Boxes Given Listed Status.
- The quality fittings in the station.
Chesham services cross over to the Chesham branch to the West of the station.
The Anonymous Widower 