Hydro-Storage Options To Be Studied For Grängesberg
The title of this post, is the same as that of this news item from Anglesey Mining.
These are the highlights of the news item.
- Anglesey Mining plc, together with its 49.75% owned subsidiary Grängesberg Iron AB (“GIAB”) have entered into an MoU with Mine Storage to investigate the potential for the Grängesberg Mine to be converted into a Pumped Hydro-Storage project at the end of the mine’s producing life.
- Pumped-Hydro Storage is a green-energy storage solution that utilises water and gravity to store electrical energy. An underground mine can provide a closed-loop solution using proven, pumped hydro-power technology. Essentially, the system involves water being gravity fed through pipes down a shaft into the turbines, which produce electricity for supply to the grid and also pump the water back to surface. The mine storage system has a high round-trip efficiency of 75-85% and proven durability.
- The MoU with Mine Storage could lead to numerous future benefits.
I like this project.
Too often, when mines, quarries or other large operations come to the end of their economic lives, they are just abandoned in the hope that something worthwhile will happen.
But here we have a company planning the end of an iron ore mine in a way that will turn it into a source of future revenue.
I have a few thoughts.
Mine Storage
Mine Storage are a Swedish company with an informative web site.
The web site answered most of my questions.
Mines Are Moving From a Liability To A Resource
Consider.
- Gravitricity are using mines to store energy using cables and weights.
- Charlotte Adams and her team at Durham University are developing the use of the heat in abandoned coal mines.
- The Global Centre of Rail Excellence is being developed in a disused opencast mine in Wales.
- RheEnergise are developing their first High Density Hydro system in the Hemerdon Tungsten Mine in Devon.
And now we have this co-operation between Anglesey Mining and Mine Storage working together on pumped storage hydroelectricity.
Where is Grängesberg
This Google Map shows the location of Grängesberg.
It is convenient for storing energy for Stockholm.
Tiny Data Centre Used To Heat Public Swimming Pool
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the BBC.
This is the sub-heading.
The heat generated by a washing-machine-sized data centre is being used to heat a Devon public swimming pool
These three paragraphs outline the story.
The computers inside the white box are surrounded by oil to capture the heat – enough to heat the pool to about 30C 60% of the time, saving Exmouth Leisure Centre thousands of pounds.
The data centre is provided to the council-run centre free of charge.
Start-up Deep Green charges clients to use its computing power for artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Note.
I find both of these interesting applications.
Plan For £8.25m Plymouth Energy Plant To Generate Power From Cream-Like Fluid
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on PlymouthLive.
These two paragraphs outline the project.
Plymouth’s Hemerdon tungsten mine has been chosen as the site of a pioneering £8.25m hydro energy plant which would see a cream-like fluid used to generate electricity. London-based renewable energy company RheEnergise wants to start construction of the High-Density Hydro storage system at the Plympton site as early as summer 2023.
The company has already spoken to the parish council and is to submit plans to Devon County Council soon. It hopes permission will be given and the site will be in operation by the end of 2023 and then trialled for two years before the technology is rolled out nationally and worldwide.
Note.
- RheEnergise has a web page, which describes how their High-Density Hydro storage system works.
- The system is sized at 250kW/1MWh and is described in the article as a demonstrator plant.
- In the future, rojects will range from 5MW to 100MW of power and can work with vertical elevations as low as 100m or less.
This sentence from the article lays out the potential of the system.
RheEnergise’s analysis of potential project opportunities has indicated there are about 6,500 possible sites in the UK, about 115,000 in Europe, about 345,000 in North America and about 500,000 in Africa and the Middle East.
This method of storing energy could be very useful.
Where Is Hemerdon Tungsten Mine?
This is a Google Map of the Plymouth area.
The red arrow indicates the Hemerdon Tungsten Mine, which has a Wikipedia entry as Drakelands Mine, where this is said about the last three years.
Tungsten West plc, which floated on the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market on 21 October 2021,[49] have taken over the mine. They have conducted a review starting from the basics, of what is required to fix the problems that caused Wolf Minerals to fail. A better understanding of the mineralogy, with associated changes to the processing stream, and aggregate sales should lead to the mine re-opening at scale in 2022.
Tungsten West’s share price has had an up-and-down day. But are they adding energy storage to their income streams?
From the map, it does seem to be a possibility.
Possible Regular Services Between West Somerset Railway And Taunton
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on Rail Advent.
These are the introductory paragraphs.
Hopes are growing that regular scheduled train services will once more operate between the West Somerset Railway (WSR) and the national rail network.
There is an increasing interest in re-opening long-closed stations and lines on the network. To this end, a partnership working group has been set up to look at the prospects of running scheduled trains between WSR’s Bishops Lydeard station and Taunton, which would safeguard the WSR’s long-term future.
The working group comprises representatives of the Heart of South West Local Enterprise Partnership, Great Western Railway, Network Rail, Somerset County Council, and WSR Plc.
Given the success of the reopened Okehampton station, that I wrote about in Success For The Dartmoor Line, where 2,500 passengers a week have used the trains since last November, I wonder if Somerset is aiming to emulate Devon’s success, with the West Somerset Railway.
There are certainly similarities between the two routes.
Connection To The County Town
Both routes connect to the county town.
- The Dartmoor Line connects to Exeter, which is the county town of Devon.
- The West Somerset Railway connects to Taunton, which is the county town of Somerset.
As the county town usually contains important local services like the council offices and the Courts, this is often convenient.
Connection To The Great Western Railway
Both routes could have excellent connections to the Great Western Railway.
- Exeter St. David’s station is a major interchange.
- Taunton station could be a more important interchange.
Note.
- Both stations have connections to Bristol, London and Cornwall.
- The two stations are well-connected to each other.
- Both stations have six platforms, which include some bay platforms for branch line services.
This Google Map shows the less developed Taunton station.
Note that there appears to be lots of space for development of rail and related development.
Both Branches Were/Are In Use Before Development
Before the Dartmoor Line was reopened, the route was in occasional use for both freight and passenger trains. Great Western Railway have in recent years run InterCity125 trains to Okehampton station.
With reopening the line to Okehampton, there was no major viaduct or bridges to rebuild, although Network Rail took the prudent decision to relay the track.
It would appear that the West Somerset Railway has similar use for both freight and passenger trains. How much work will be needed to bring it up to an acceptable standard.
Great Western Railway Are Providing Initial Weekend Services
On the Dartmoor Line services started between Exeter and Okehampton in 2019 and Wikipedia says this about initial services between Taunton and Bishops Lydeard station.
In 2019, the WSR entered into a partnership with the modern Great Western Railway (GWR) to operate Summer Saturday services to Bishops Lydeard from Taunton beginning on 27 July 2019. The introduction of these GWR services will mark the first time the station has been connected to the rest of the national rail network since its initial closure in 1971.
Is history going to repeat itself?
The First Step
This paragraph from the Rail Advent article, indicates the first step to reopening a service between Taunton and Minehead.
The first task will be to look at the simplest and most effective way in which the link between the WSR and the mainline can be improved, signalled, and operated. An outline business plan will then be developed to estimate how much it would cost.
This Google Map shows the link between the West Somerset Railway and the mainline.
Note.
- The large triangular junction.
- The Bristol-Exeter railway runs East-West across the bottom of the map.
- Minehead is to the North.
- Taunton is to the East.
- A disused line to Barnstaple is to the West.
- The site to the West of the top of the triangular junction is a ballast cleaning site.
It does appear that there could be the space to create an efficient junction linking the two railways.
Initial Regular Services
This was one of the introductory paragraphs.
There is an increasing interest in re-opening long-closed stations and lines on the network. To this end, a partnership working group has been set up to look at the prospects of running scheduled trains between WSR’s Bishops Lydeard station and Taunton, which would safeguard the WSR’s long-term future.
This page on the Railway Touring Company web site is entitled The West Somerset Steam Express.
This paragraph describes the trip.
This series of trains from London Paddington to Minehead features haulage by two steam locomotives in one day.
One steam locomotive will haul our train from London Paddington to the West Somerset Railway at Bishops Lydeard.
The Heritage Railway will then provide a steam locomotive to haul our train to Minehead and back. This provides a truly fascinating day out travelling through beautiful scenery to the Bristol Channel coast.
So it looks like, the initial services on the between Taunton and Bishops Lydeard stations, will duplicate services that are already planned on a very much less frequent basis.
Bishops Lydeard Station
Bishops Lydeard station is the station, where mainline and West Somerset services meet.
This OpenRailwayMap shows the track layout at the station.
Note.
- The station is the Southern terminus of the West Somerset Railway.
- Track is single to the North and South of the station.
- Bishops Lydeard station has two platforms.
- There is a passing loop.
If the terminal station has a serious problem, it doesn’t appear to have much parking.
So it would appear, that a link to Taunton might improve the finances of the West Somerset Railway, by attracting more visitors.
Onward To Minehead
This OpenRailwayMap shows the last section of the West Somerset Railway to Minehead.
Note.
- Minehead station is in the North West corner of the map.
- Minehead station appears to be a well-equipped station, with two platforms.
- Minehead station even has a turntable for turning locomotives.
- There are four or five stations close to the coast.
The Wikipedia entry for Minehead, says this about the town.
The parish of Minehead has a population of approximately 11,981, making it the most populous town in the western part of the Somerset West and Taunton local government district, which in turn, is the worst area in the country for social mobility.
The West Somerset Railway could become both a useful and a real bucket-and-spade railway. Surely, that could generate revenue and level-up the area.
Financing
If you want something to work well, you must get the finances right.
I have lived in Dalston in London for twelve years now. When I moved here after my wife died and I had had a serious stroke, which left me unable to drive, I relied on an antiquated mainly bendy-bus-based public transport system.
Then along came the Overground and fleets of shiny new buses and Hackney and Dalston in particular was more than levelled up with London’s more salubrious boroughs.
Shopping improved with M & S returning after at least seventy years. There’s even a Pret, which boomed during the pandemic.
Transport for London got the financing for the Overground right and they created a success.
Conclusion
Can the initial working group find a financial model so that the West Somerset Railway can do for West Somerset, what the Overground has done for Dalston and the Dartmoor Line appears to be doing for Devon?
I thoroughly hope so!
Two Celtic Sea Floating Wind Projects Could Be Delivered By 2028
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the first paragraph.
Falck Renewables and BlueFloat Energy have said that they are looking at early delivery of their two floating wind projects in the Celtic Sea, called Llywelyn and Petroc, which have grid connections secured and almost a year’s worth of bird surveys already completed.
These would add two extra 300 MW wind farms to the Celtic Sea.
In Enter The Dragon, I indicated the potential of renewable energy around Wales based on this article on the Engineer is entitled Unlocking The Renewables Potential Of The Celtic Sea. This sentence from the article talks about the possibilities of offshore wind in the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea – which extends south off Wales and Ireland down past Cornwall and Brittany to the edge of the continental shelf – is estimated to have around 50GW of wind generating capacity alone.
The article also talks about Blue Gem Wind and their Erebus and Valorous wind farm projects in the Celtic Sea, that I wrote about in Blue Gem Wind.
There now appears to be four floating wind farms under development in the Celtic Sea between the South-West corner of Wales and the Devon and Cornwall Peninsular.
- Blue Gem Wind – Erebus – 100 MW Demonstration project – 27 miles offshore
- Blue Gem Wind – Valorus – 300 MW Early-Commercial project – 31 miles offshore
- Falck Renewables and BlueFloat Energy – Petroc – 300 MW project – 37 miles offshore
- Falck Renewables and BlueFloat Energy Llywelyn – 300 MW project – 40 miles offshore
But they do create a starter for a GW.
Both consortia seem to have similar objectives.
- To use a stepping-stone approach, gradually building in size.
- To involve the local community in creating a supply chain.
- Create long-term benefits for the region.
If these and other consortia fill the Celtic Sea with 50 GW of floating wind turbines, then we’ll all benefit.
Is The Okehampton Effect Starting?
This article on the Tavistock Times Gazette is entitled Hop Aboard The 118 For Town And Village Connection To Rail.
These are the first three paragraphs.
County council chiefs have confirmed they have launched a new bus service to link residents in Tavistock to Okehampton’s restored railway line.
From Saturday, Service 118 will link Tavistock to Okehampton, via Mary Tavy and Lydford, to provide an integrated connection to the rail services between Okehampton and Exeter during the day. The service is part of a bigger project to improve public transport in Devon.
The move comes as Devon County Council pushes ahead with plans to get trains rolling again in Tavistock — but in the opposite direction.
Note.
- Tavistock has almost twice the population of Okehampton.
- Okehampton and Tavistock are about sixteen miles apart.
- Buses will take about forty minutes.
- The railway from Tavistock could eventually go to Plymouth via the existing Bere Alston station and the Tamar Valley Line.
This bus route will complete a circular route between Exeter and Plymouth around Dartmoor.
Devon does seem to be getting itself ready for the next phase of rail development in the county.
But does Devon as the birthplace of those great mariners, Chichester, Drake, Gilbert, Grenville and Raleigh, follow in their footsteps and plan things well and get it done?
My maternal grandmother was born in Dalston of two Devonian parents.
Just before the Second World War my mother asked her if she was prepared for the inevitable war.
My grandmother’s reply was as follows.
I got caught out in the First War, so I’ve got a hundredweight of sugar and a hundredweight of jam in the cellar.
Was that her Devonian genes shining through?
Devon is certainly planning for the future at Okehampton.
- There are plans for an Okehampton Parkway station, where the railway crosses the A30, which I wrote about in Work Begins On Okehampton Parkway Station.
- There is this new bus route.
- Will there be more housing in Okehampton?
- There will be developments linked to tourism.
I believe the Okehampton Effect is starting.
Charging The Batteries On An Intercity Tri-Mode Battery Train
There are several ways the batteries on an Intercity Tri-Mode Battery Train could be charged.
- On an electrified main line like the Great Western or East Coast Main Lines, the electrification can be used in normal electrified running.
- A short length of electrification at the terminal or through stations can be used.
- The diesel engines could be used, at stations, where this is acceptable.
Alternatively, a custom design of charger can be used like Vivarail’s Fast Charge system.
In Vivarail’s Plans For Zero-Emission Trains, I said this.
Vivarail Now Has Permission To Charge Any Train
Mr. Shooter said this about Vivarail’s Fast Charge system.
The system has now been given preliminary approval to be installed as the UK’s standard charging system for any make of train.
I may have got the word’s slightly wrong, but I believe the overall message is correct.
In the November 2020 Edition of Modern Railways, there is a transcript of what Mr. Shooter said.
‘Network Rail has granted interim approval for the fast charge system and wants it to be the UK’s standard battery charging system’ says Mr. Shooter. ‘We believe it could have worldwide implications.’
I hope Mr. Shooter knows some affordable lawyers, as in my experience, those working in IPR are not cheap.
I think it’s very likely, that Vivarail’s Fast Charge system could be installed at terminals to charge Hitachi’s Intercity Tri-Mode Battery Trains.
-
- The Fast Charge systems can be powered by renewable energy.
- The trains would need to be fitted with third rail shoes modified to accept the high currents involved.
- They can also be installed at intermediate stations on unelectrified lines.
Vivarail is likely to install a Fast Charge system at a UK station in the next few months.
These are my thoughts about charging trains at various stations.
Penzance station
This Google Map shows Penzance station.
Penzance would be an ideal station to fully charge the trains, before they ran East.
- The station has four long platforms.
- There appears to be plenty of space just to the East of the station.
- Penzance TMD is nearby.
This picture shows Platform 4, which is on the seaward side of the station. The train in the platform is one of GWR’s Castles.
It is partly outside the main station, so might be very suitable to charge a train.
If trials were being performed to Penzance, it appears that the station would be a superb choice to charge trains.
My only worry, is would the location have enough power to charge the trains?
Plymouth Station
This Google Map shows Plymouth station.
It is another spacious station with six platforms.
Chargers could be installed as needed for both expresses and local trains.
A Zero-Carbon Devon and Cornwall
If the battery trains perform as expected, I can see the Devon and Cornwall area becoming a low if not zero carbon railway by the end of this decade.
- The Castles would be retired.
- They would be replaced by battery electric trains.
- Charging would be available on all platforms at Penzance, Plymouth and possible some other intermediate stations and those on some branch lines.
It certainly wouldn’t hurt tourism.
Beeching Reversal – Primrose Line
This is one of the Beeching Reversal projects that the Government and Network Rail are proposing to reverse some of the Beeching cuts.
This Google Map shows the area of South Devon, where the railway is proposed to be reopened.
And this diagram from Wikipedia shows the line.
Note.
- The railway runs between South Brent and Kingsbridge stations.
- It connected to the double-track Pymouth and Exeter Line.
- There were originally stations at Avonwick, Gara Bridge and Loddiswell.
- It was single track.
- It was twelve miles long.
- There was also a planned extension to Salcombe, that was never built.
The Connection At Brent Station
This Google Map shows the former position of Brent station.
There does appear to be plenty of space for two through platforms and one for the branch line on the South side of the main line.
Trains
I suspect that this route will probably be capable of being run by two or three of Vivarail’s Class 230 trains.
Conclusion
This looks a simple scheme, that could be worthwhile, for commuters residents, shoppers and tourists.
Reopening Of Wellington and Cullompton Stations
This is one of the successful bids in the First Round of the Restoring Your Railway Fund.
Wellington and Collumpton stations were two stations on the Bristol-Exeter Line.
- Both stations were rebuilt in the 1930s with passing loops. Was this to increase the capacity of the route?
- Both were closed under Beeching in 1964.
- Little remains of either station.
Looking back with 20-20 hindsight, this does seem to have been a rather pointless closure of two stations serving towns of around ten thousand people, who might need to commute for work.
The South Devon Metro
Some years ago, Devon County Council put forward a plan to create a South Devon Metro based on the various lines centred on Exeter St. David’s station.
- The Avocet Line to Exmouth
- The Riviera Line to Paignton
- The Tarka Line to Barnstaple
Services were also planned to connect Newton Abbot, Okehampton, Plymouth, Taunton and intermediate stations into the system.
- Some new stations were also added.
- The trains were to be upgraded, which appears to be happening.
But the development seems to have somewhat stalled.
Collumpton Station
The Wikipedia entry for Collumpton station says this about reopening.
As part of the “Devon Metro” plans by Devon County Council there would be a station near the location of the old station and could form part of the route. The station is a ‘possible’ long term proposal.
I should declare an interest in Collumpton, in that my maternal grandmother was an Upcott, who was born in Dalston. Her father was not the first son of the Devon family from Collumpton, that are mentioned in the Wikipedia entry for the town, so he left for London to find fame and fortune. He set up as a wheelwright opposite Dalston Junction station. She was considered posh by my parents.
I would look forward to taking my Upcott genes back to their ancestral home, when the new station opens.
This Google Map shows Collumpton and its transport network.
Note.
- The M5 going down the East side of the map.
- The Exeter-Bristol Line follows the M5 on the Western side.
- Collumpton Services were built on the site of the former station.
This Google Map shows the area to the South of Collumpton services at an enlarged scale.
There certainly seems to be space to the West of the roundabout.
- As Tiverton Parkway station is only a few miles to the North, it may be possible to avoid providing hundreds of parking spaces.
- It’s not a long walk to the Town Centre, which could be along the River Culm.
- Plenty of bicycle parking would probably be a good idea.
- Could the road bridge over the railway, be made step-free for travellers, who need to cross the tracks?
I certainly think there are possibilities to integrate the station into the town.
Wellington Station
The site for a new Wellington station is less obvious to locate.
This Google Map shows how the Exeter-Bristol skirts round the Northern side of the town.
Note.
- The road that runs up the Western side of the block containing the three large buildings, is the B3187.
- It’s also called Station Road. So that must be a clue!
This Google Map shows where the B3187 crosses the railway.
It matches the photo of the goods shed at Wellington station in Wikipedia.
The old station site, must be high on the list of possible sites for the new station.
The Trains
These are a few thoughts on the trains serving Collumpton and Wellington.
Could There Be A Taunton Route In The South Devon Metro?
Consider.
- When Collumpton and Wellington stations are completed, there will be three stations between Exeter and Taunton.
- The third station will be Tiverton Parkway station.
- So if the South Devon Metro were to be created on this route, surely it would be better to go all the way to Taunton station, which has six platforms.
- This extension would also give easy access to the heritage West Somerset Railway, which runs to the coast at Minehead station.
It would certainly seem likely that a local service from Exeter on this route would terminate at Taunton station.
Could Exeter And Taunton Be Run By Battery-Electric Trains?
As it’s only just over thirty miles, the answer must be in the affirmative!
But they would probably need to be charged at both ends of the route.
On the other hand, all routes on the South Devon Metro could probably be run using battery-electric trains.
Could Paddington And Exeter Be Run By Battery-Electric Trains?
It looks a tough ask, but I feel it is possible with discontinuous electrification.
- Paddington and Newbury is already electrified.
- Exeter and Taunton could be electrified.
With a short length of electrification or what I call an electrification island at Westbury, I am fairly sure, that a Hitachi AT-300 train fitted with batteries could handle the 170 miles.
Would A Fast-Slow Strategy Help?
Greater Anglia do their Norwich-in-Ninety services with two trains.
- On the hour, a fast train heads off to Norwich or London, only stopping at Ipswich.
- Ten minutes later, a slow train follows it calling at all stations.
Greater Anglia intends to aim for three trains per hour (tph) between London and Norwich in both directions; two fast and one slow.
Would a philosophy like this work between Paddington and Exeter?
Conclusion
Reopening Collumpton and Wellington stations is a simple and easy-to-implement scheme, that will improve public transport in this area of Devon and Somerset.