Tesla Megapack Battery Caught Fire At PG & E Substation In California
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on CNBC, which was published in September 2022.
The article starts with these three key points.
- A Tesla Megapack caught fire at a PG&E energy storage facility in Monterey, California on Tuesday.
- The fire caused road closures and shelter-in-place orders for residents nearby.
- Richard Stedman, an air pollution control officer for the Monterey Bay Air Resources District (MBARD) said in general lithium ion battery fires can emit toxic constituents like hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid.
The article goes on to say, that there were no power outages and no on-site personnel were injured.
In the late 1960s, I worked for ICI at Runcorn.
One of the instruments, I helped to develop was a detector for water in bromochlorodifluoromethane or BCF, as it is commonly known.
- You may have seen BCF on a fire-extinguisher, as that is the chemical’s main use.
- In those days, ICI made BCF on a plant that also manufactured the anaesthetic; Fluothane.
- The plant was in Rocksavage works by the Mersey.
It should be noted, that Rocksavage works had one of the best safety records in the whole of the company.
When the instrument was ready, I was told to go to the plant and see Charlie Akers, who was the foreman electrician on the plant. He would arrange fitting the instrument to the plant.
- Charlie was a short stout man and the first thing he did was to get a proper mug out of a box of perhaps two dozen new ones and write my name on it.
- He then made us both mugs of fresh tea with fresh milk from a bottle.
- He said something like. “Now you’ve got no excuse to come and see me before you go on the plant or have any questions!”
- He also said that everybody, who worked in Rocksavage was very proud of its safety record and proceeded to give me a tour of the plant pointing out its hazards.
One lesson, I learned that day and still do was to walk up stairs in a hazardous environment using the stanchions of the rails. You never know what has fallen on the handrails. On the BCF plant this could have been hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid.
- At one point to illustrate the danger of the latter, he took a pair of tweezers and put a spec of hydrofluoric acid (HF) dust on the tip of my finger, which was painful.
- He also said that HBr was a lot more dangerous.
I didn’t disgrace myself on that plant and the lessons, I learned that day have stayed with me all my life. I even think, that they have had positive effects on my stroke recovery, as I was given tips about how to get out of a chemical plant, after a fire or serious spillage.
Thank you Charlie!
One of the key points in the CNBC article, is that lithium-ion battery fires can emit hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid.
It makes me wonder, if our high levels of usage of these batteries for where there is an alternative is a good idea.
Gore Street Energy Storage Fund’s Portfolio Increases To Over 1GW
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the Solar Power Portal.
By any measure a GW is a substantial amount of power and the article gives all the figures for the fund.
One thing, I feel, I can say, is that large grid-connected lithium-ion batteries, as deployed by Gore Street, are more reliable than the similar smaller batteries in e-bikes and e-scooters.
The media and especially the financial pages would have had a field day, if a lithium-ion battery caught fire. Certainly Gore Street and others building large batteries, don’t seem to have any planning permission problems from Nimbys.
Hydrogen ‘The Only Option’ For Metrobus Fastway ZE
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on Route One.
This is the introductory paragraph.
Hydrogen fuel cell-electric remains the most realistic zero-emission technology for usage cases requiring very high mileage and utilisation capabilities. That is the verdict from the Go-Ahead Group after its Metrobus subsidiary launched 20 Wrightbus GB Kite Hydroliner single-deckers on 29 June.
This paragraph gives more details.
Go-Ahead Group Chair Claire Hollingsworth, who was present at the launch alongside Under-Secretary of State for Transport Richard Holden and other stakeholders and dignitaries, underlines the need for hydrogen on Fastway. “These are the most intensive routes in the Go-Ahead network,” she explains. “We need 300 miles of range and have little time to plug in.”
Let’s face it, a bus that takes a lot of time to fuel-up can’t be as efficient, as one that takes just a few minutes. Especially, if the buses are running a large number of hours per day.
The whole article is a must read and surely Go-Ahead’s conclusion to other modes of transport, that do long distances, like heavy trucks, long-distance coaches and railway locomotives.
Riding The SL8 Bus Between Shepherd’s Bush Market And Uxbridge Stations – 16th July 2023
This draft map from TfL illustrates the concept of the Superloop.
The spoke on the Western side of the map is route SL8 between White City and Uxbridge stations.
This morning I rode the route between Shepherd’s Bush Market and Uxbridge stations and took these pictures.
Note.
- Some of the buses have still to be painted in the new white-topped Superloop livery.
- The buses are diesel-powered.
- The stops have their own livery.
- I estimate the route is 12.3 miles long and the bus took 67 minutes.
- The frequency appeared to be typically four buses per hour.
- The route is mainly dual-carriageway to the West of Ealing Hospital.
Route SL8 used to be route 607 and except for the branding nothing has changed.
I have few thoughts.
The Concept
The concept seemed to work well, where the roads were free of traffic.
But we get get a bit delayed through places like Ealing Broadway, where parking reduced the width of the road.
The Route
The route connects quite a few stations and other important locations.
From East to West they include.
- Westfield Shopping Centre
- Shepherd’s Bush station for the Central Line and the Overground.
- Shepherd’s Bush Market station for the Hammersmith and City Line
- Acton Central station for the Overground
- Ealing Common station for the District and Piccadilly Lines.
- Ealing Broadway station for the Central, District and Elizabeth Lines.
- Ealing Broadway
- Ealing Town Hall
- Ealing Hospital
- Southall Broadway
- Hayes
Note.
- The route is very much the same as the now-abandoned West London Tram, which was proposed twenty years ago.
- The tram was opposed y the three London boroughs on the route, as it cut them in half. But buses don’t cause the same problems.
- The Superloop map shows that the SL8 bus calls at Hayes and Harlington station, but we went nowhere near it today.
- The route with its sections of dual carriageway and congested shopping streets was a bit like the route o Birmingham’s hydrogen buses, that I wrote about in Riding Birmingham’s New Hydrogen-Powered Buses.
I feel as the route is very similar to the West London Tram, which was probably extensively researched, that there won’t be too many changes to this route.
Parking Along The Route
I wouldn’t be surprised to see more parking restrictions along the route, to speed up the buses in the crowded shopping streets like Acton, Ealing Broadway and Southall Broadway.
The Buses
The buses are Egyptian-built eVoSeti diesel buses, which use a Volvo chassis.
- I don’t like these buses as they don’t have a flat floor and I’ve seen some passengers struggling with the stairs on the lower deck.
- At least the stairs to the upper deck aren’t too bad.
We used to have them locally in Dalston and I used to avoid them, if there was another bus close behind.
This new route, though should be served by zero-carbon buses, so that pollution and carbon emissions are reduced.
- Between White City and Uxbridge takes over an hour.
- A battery-electric bus would need recharging during the day.
- It looks like there’s not much space at White City and Uxbridge stations, to install charging stations.
- A hydrogen-powered bus could probably manage all day on one filling.
For these reasons, I suspect that hydrogen buses would be the preferred option.
Ruislip Station – 16th July 2023
In TfL Announces The Next Tube Stations To Be Prioritised For Step-Free Access To Meet The Mayor’s Bold Accessibility Targets, it stated that Ruislip station will be made step-free.
So I went to have a look and took these pictures.
Note.
- The station is used by Piccadilly and Metropolitan Line trains, which are different sizes.
- There appears to be a well-preserved signal-box at the Eastern end of the station.
- The Eastbound platform has step-free access from the street.
- Crossing the tracks is by a Victorian steel footbridge.
- The station is Grade II Listed.
- The listing includes the the signal box and the footbridge.
This 3D Google Map shows the station.
Note.
- The footbridge in the South-West corner of the map.
- There is not much space to put a second bridge across the tracks.
- It might be possible to build a step-free footbridge with lifts by the road bridge.
If English Heritage and the Heritage Taliban dig in their heels, this could be a difficult station to make step-free.
But the London Underground has several bridges of this type, so perhaps this one is being scheduled early to test the reaction.
This second Google Map shows the road bridge and the Western ends of the platforms to an enlarged scale.
This picture shows the station side of the road bridge.
There could be space to put a steel bridge with two lifts by the road bridge.
Coupled with a comprehensive restoration of the current footbridge and a repainting of the road bridge, this could satisfy all parties.
Djokovic Appears To Have A Spaniard In The Works!
With apologies to John Lennon!
Would A Dual-Fuel Boeing 747 Or Airbus A380 Save Carbon?
This press release from Airbus is entitled The ZEROe Demonstrator Has Arrived.
This is the introductory paragraph.
2022 marks a new and exciting phase for ZEROe – Airbus’ ambition to develop the world’s first zero-emission commercial aircraft by 2035. The multi-year demonstrator programme has officially been launched with the objective to test a variety of hydrogen technologies both on the ground and in the air.
The ZEROe demonstrator will be the first Airbus A 380 aircraft and it is shown in this Airbus visualisation.
Note.
- The four hydrogen tanks in the fuselage.
- The fifth engine mounted in a pod on the fuselage.
- There’s certainly lots of space inside the fuselage for more hydrogen tanks and test and monitoring equipment.
Take away the fifth engine and the test equipment and this aircraft becomes an A380 with two fuel systems; hydrogen and aviation fuel.
Consider.
- Suppose two engines were hydrogen-capable and two were normal engines running on aviation fuel or Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).
- I don’t think it is impossible to build engines that could run on both hydrogen and Sustainable Aviation Fuel.
- All aircraft use fuel at a higher rate, during take-off and climbing.
- Do long non-stop flights use less fuel, than ones with stops?
- As altitude increases, air resistance decreases.
- Aircraft could fly slower to reduce the fuel needed, as they did in the oil crises in the last century.
- Generally, the most economical way to fly a route, is to climb to maximum altitude, fly level until descending into the destination.
- The aircraft would not carry cargo in the belly-hold.
- There could be a hydrogen-powered APU, as I wrote about in Airbus To Trial In-flight Auxiliary Power Entirely Generated By Hydrogen.
- This document from IATA says that in its liquid form, contains about 2.5 times more energy per kilogram than kerosene.
- The Boeing 747 first flew in 1969 and the Airbus A 380 in 2005, so these aircraft are well known.
I just wonder, if it is possible to work out a flight profile, that would enable these aircraft to fly very long non-stop routes?
- All four engines would be used for take-off.
- An appropriate power setting would be used for the cruise and the descent.
- There would be large numbers of 747s and A 380s in good condition to convert.
- The plane would land with little or no hydrogen left.
The hydrogen used would cut the carbon footprint of the flight.
Italian Firm To Build Green Hydrogen Platform For CrossWind’s Hollandse Kust Noord
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
CrossWind has awarded Rosetti Marino an Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Installation and Commissioning (EPCIC) contract for an offshore green hydrogen production and storage plant, located within CrossWind’s Hollandse Kust Noord offshore wind farm in the Netherlands.
These paragraphs describe the platform.
Rosetti Marino said that the pilot plant, called the Baseload Power Hub and fully integrated into an offshore wind farm, is a world first.
The plant on a MegaWatt scale will convert excess wind energy to green hydrogen through an electrolyser and store it as green hydrogen that can be converted to electricity when needed via a fuel cell.
It will also include battery storage for shorter-term power storage.
It looks like they’ve got all angles covered.
I suspect that we’ll see more platforms like this, as they should make the output of a wind farm much more controllable.
Ørsted Receives Development Consent For 2.6 GW Hornsea Four Offshore Wind Farm
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
The UK Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero has granted development consent to Hornsea Project Four, a 2.6 GW offshore wind farm Ørsted plans to build some 69 kilometres off the Yorkshire Coast.
This is the first paragraph.
The UK government, in a press release issued on 12 July, stated that Hornsea Four was the 126th Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project and 73rd energy application to have been examined by The Planning Inspectorate within the timescales laid down in the Planning Act 2008.
It certainly looks like The Planning Inspectorate has been working overtime.
Note that the four Hornsea wind farms are planned to have at least the following sizes.
- Hornsea 1 – 1218 MW
- Hornsea 2 – 1386 MW
- Hornsea 3 – 2852 MW
- Hornsea 4 – 2600 MW
These four wind farms give the Hornsea complex, a total capacity of at least 8056 MW.
When I worked at ICI in Runcorn in the late 1960s, I used to cross the Runcorn Bridge twice every day and would see Fiddlers Ferry power station, with its eight cooling towers, on the North Bank of the River Mersey to the East. It was generally thought of as a large coal-fired power station.
These pictures of Fiddlers Ferry power station were taken in 2021, from a Liverpool-bound train on the railway bridge.
This Google Map shows the power station.
Note.
- Fiddlers Ferry may have been large for its time at 1989 MW, but it is still less than a quarter of the size of the Hornsea wind farm!
- Drax power station in 1986 at 3960 MW, was larger than Fiddlers Ferry, but was still less than half of the size of Hornsea!
Hornsea wind farm is a true green giant!
This paragraph is from the Hornsea Project 4 section of the Wikipedia entry for the Hornsea wind farms.
Construction of the wind farm was provisionally expected to start in 2023, and be operational by 2027, at the earliest. The project’s capacity is unknown by Ørsted due to the ever increasing size of available wind turbines for the project.
When completed, it could be even bigger.
Bradford Railway Station: Axed Plans For New Travel Hub Reconsidered
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the BBC.
This is the sub-heading.
Plans for a new railway station in Bradford will be reconsidered after the government previously scrapped them.
These paragraphs outline how the government has changed its mind.
Former Transport Secretary Grant Shapps cancelled the plan for Northern Powerhouse Rail (NPR), a brand new line serving the city, in November 2021.
The government has said an updated business case for the project was expected later this year.
West Yorkshire Mayor Tracy Brabin welcomed the news but criticised the “dither and delay”.
When the Integrated Rail Plan (IRP) was unveiled in 2021, it included cutting much of HS2’s eastern leg and scaling back NPR, including plans for a new station and line in Bradford.
The announcement that the government would now reconsider plans was made in the Department for Transport’s (DfT) response to the Transport Select Committee’s report on the IRP.
The committee had argued that the department had not properly tested alternative options to its proposals and had left out analysis of wider economic “levelling up” impacts of different options for NPR.
But there are no details yet.
Do We Know Anything?
The new station has been proposed to be built on the site of the current St. James Wholesale Market In Bradford.
This OpenRailwayMap shows the route of the railway between Leeds and Bradford Interchange stations, which runs via New Pudsey station.
Note.
- Leeds is to the East.
- Bradford Interchange station is in the North-West corner of the map.
- The yellow line across the map is the railway between Leeds and Bradford Interchange stations.
- St. James Wholesale Market is the rectangular building towards the top of the map in the middle.
- The dotted line going through the market is a disused goods line.
It is not obvious how the station will be connected to the rail network.
The Anonymous Widower 