Seats On Avanti West Coast
I went to Liverpool yesterday on an Avanti West Coast Class 390 train in Standard Class.
I booked on Monday and asked for a table seat.
I actually got a set of four to myself, as this picture shows.
When I got back, out of curiosity I tried to book a complete set of four seats for possibly a family or a group, who were in the same bubble.
I got three seats together and a fourth a few seats away.
So if you need to do that, I would suggest you’re careful with the booking or do it in the traditional manner.
Having travelled twice to the North West in recent weeks, I wouldn’t recommend First Class, as all you get extra is a better pair of seats.
Incidentally, when I came back, because of the weather, I abandoned my trip around the city and got to Lime Street with an hour or so to wait.
But I was able to change my booking for an earlier train for about thirteen pounds and still got a set of four to myself.
A New Design For Flow Batteries
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article in phys.org, which documents a development from the Mendeleev University in Russia.
The Russians are claiming they have developed a novel architecture.
Green Bus Maker Reveals Plan For Scottish Hydrogen Fuel Production Facility
\the title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the Herald.
Thwaw are the introductory paragraphs.
Jo Bamford, chief of Ryze Hydrogen, has revealed plans to create a hydrogen production facility in Scotland.
He said the production unit will be sited outside Glasgow and it is expected to be operational by November next year when the rescheduled COP26 climate event is due to take place in the city.
Mr Bamford earlier said Glasgow could run 300 hydrogen-powered buses, while Aberdeen is set put a fleet of hydrogen powered double deckers on the road.
You can’t fault Jo Bamford’s ambitions.
Beeching Reversal – Goodrington and Churston Stations
This is one of the Beeching Reversal projects that the Government and Network Rail are proposing to reverse some of the Beeching cuts.
I wrote about a similar project, that had been proposed by the Association of Train Operating Companies in Between Exeter And Paignton. after I visited Devon, three years ago.
The basic idea is described in a section called Plans in the Wikipedia entry for the Riviera Line, where this is said.
In 2009 the Association of Train Operating Companies identified Brixham as one of fourteen towns for which the provision of a new railway service would have a positive benefit-cost ratio. This would be an extension of the Great Western Railway service beyond Paignton to Churston station on the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway, which would then act as a railhead for Brixham. It would also serve other housing developments in the area since the opening of the steam railway, and may require the doubling of that line between Paignton and Goodrington Sands.
This Google Map shows between Paignton and Goodrington Sands stations.
Note.
- Paignton station is marked by a station sign towards the top of the map.
- Goodrington Sands station is towards the bottom of the map.
The two stations seem well placed to serve the serve the town of Paignton and its beaches.
This second Google Map shows the Goodrington Sands and Churston stations in relation to Brixham and Berry Head.
Note.
- Goodrington Sands station is at the top of the map.
- Two other stations on the Dartmouth Steam Railway are shown; Greenway Halt and Churston.
- Churston station is the most Northerly of the pair.
Churston station looks well-placed for Brixham.
These are my thoughts.
The Current Train Service
The train service between Paignton and Exeter St. Davids is run by Great Western Railway.
There are basically two services,
- A two train per hour (tph) service between Paignton and Exmouth via Torquay and Exeter St. Davids. I have used it and it is a useful local service for commuters, shoppers and visitors, although it could do with some modern trains.
- Occasional trains during the day to London Paddington.
There are also some CrossCountry trains going to and from Manchester Piccadilly.
The Dartmouth Steam Railway also runs trains between Paignton and via Goodrington Sands and Churston.
Hitachi’s Regional Battery Train
This train is described in this infographic from Hitachi.
I believe it will revolutionise rail travel in the South West of England, as shorter lengths of electrification, will enable this train based on current Class 800 and Class 802 trains to run all-electric services between London Paddington and Exeter St. Davids, Newquay, Paignton, Penzance and Plymouth.
Exeter St. Davids As A Hub For Battery Electric Trains
Exeter St. Davids station could become a major hub for battery electric trains.
These are distances to various stations.
- Barnstaple – 39 miles
- Exmouth – 11 miles
- Paignton – 28 miles
- Plymouth – 52 miles
- Taunton – 32 miles
- Yeovil Junction – 49 miles
All of these would be in range of a Hitachi Regional Battery Train or any battery electric train with sufficient range, that was fully-charged at Exeter St. Davids station.
The station has plenty of space and several long platforms, so I believe it would make an ideal hub for battery electric trains.
Could Battery Electric Trains Work The Riviera Line?
The Riviera Line was designed by Brunel for atmospheric power. Perhaps, he had observed the weather and felt the massive seas would make it difficult for for the steam locomotives of the day?
As an Electrical Engineer, I certainly couldn’t recommend electrifying through Dawlish with 25 KVAC overhead wires.
I took the picture from an InterCity 125 in 2011 and the seas seem to have got worse. Remember, that the line was washed away at Dawlish in February 2014.
But Hitachi’s Class 802 trains, seem to be handling the route on diesel power, without too much trouble.
I would expect that if one or more of the diesel engines are swapped for battery packs that the performance in heavy seas will not be worse.
But the biggest advantage of battery electric trains on the Riviera Line would surely be one of marketing.
And not just of the environmentally-friendly train service by Great Western Railway and CrossCountry, but by Hitachi in the marketing of their trains all over the world.
The only minor problem, I can see, could be the provision of charging at Paignton, as a 28 mile journey twice might be on the limit of the range of a battery electric train. Unless of course, bigger batteries were fitted!
A Splash-and-Dash At Newton Abbott
Newton Abbott station is roughly halfway between Plymouth and Exeter St. Davids and might be needed to give a Splash-and-Dash to trains between Devon’s two cities.
Some trains terminate at the station and others seem to take a leisurely stop at the station, so it could be a valuable calling point in a discontinuous electrification strategy.
Edginswell Station
Wikipedia has an entry for a new Edginswell station.
This is said.
Edginswell railway station is a proposed station in the Edginswell area of Torquay, Devon. The station would be located on the Riviera Line between Newton Abbot and Torre stations. Edginswell will be the location of employment and housing development and the new station will support this development. The station would also serve Torbay Hospital, The Willows retail park and the Torquay Gateway development area.
Plans for the station are being developed by Network Rail and Devon County Council.
This Google Map shows the area, where I think the station could be built.
Note.
- The large red dot indicates Edginswell.
- The main road across the map, was built on the North side of the Riviera Line.
- The Willows retail park lies to the North of the Hospital on the other side of the road and the railway.
- Torbay Hospital lies in the bend of the road and the railway.
This second Google Map shows an enlargement of the area to the North of the large red dot in the previous map.
Note.
- The A380 or South Devon Expressway leaving the map to the North-West. This road connects Torquay and the neighbouring towns and villages to the A38 and M5, which connect to the rest of the UK Motorway network.
- The Riviera Line passing across the North-East corner of the map.
Could this be the position to build a large Park-and-Ride station?
- It is a sizeable site, with good rail and road connections.
- I would estimate that the distance between Edginswell and Churston is under ten miles.
- Frequent electric shuttle buses could take people to the hospital and the nearby retail parks.
- Battery electric shuttle trains with a frequency of up to four tph could run between Exeter St. Davids and Paignton or another suitable terminal.
- Shuttle trains could charge at Edginswell and probably manage two round trips in an hour.
- This article on DevonLive is entitled Gridlocked Devon: Pollution – The Invisible Killer On Devon’s Roads, says a lot in the title.
- Long distance trains run by Great Western Railway or CrossCountry could call.
- Could some heritage trains terminate at Edginswell station?
- Would a Park-and-Ride station allow some of the land taken up by car parking along the coast, to be released for other purposes, more in tune with today’s mood?
It would be very interesting to see what would happen, if Edginswell station was built as a Park-and-Ride station with a Turn-Up-and-Go service to Torquay and Paignton and their beaches.
Paignton Station
This Google Map shows Paignton station.
Note.
- The station has three National Rail platforms and one heritage platform for the Dartmouth Steam Railway.
- There is also a level crossing at the Northern end of the station, where Torbay Road crosses the railway.
Obviously, I don’t know the definitive answer, but would fitting a Fast Charge system to charge battery trains into the station be difficult because of the lack of space.
Goodrington Sands Station
This Google Map shows Goodrington Sands station.
Note.
- Goodrington Sands station has two platforms.
- There is a comprehensive track layout between Paignton and Goodrington Sands stations.
- South of Goodrington Sands station, the line becomes single-track
- Goodrington Sands station appears to be surrounded by car parks.
- The only bridge across the railway appears to be at the North end of the station.
I think that a well-designed Goodrington Sands station could feature the following.
- Charging for battery trains.
- There might be a bay platform to turn and charge trains.
- A step-free bridge across the tracks.
- Easy walking routes to the nearby attractions.
- At least four tph to and from Edginswell, if that is built as a Park-and-Ride station.
Churston Station
This Google Map shows Churston station.
Note.
- Churston station is towards the South-West corner of the map.
- The station has two platforms.
Until I see the station, I am inclined to think, that the site would be a difficult one, in which to fit a Fast Charge system.
Conclusion
I can see the addition of Goodrington Sands and Churston turning the Riviera Line into a Coastal Metro between Exmouth and Churston.
I do think, the following would make it the ultimate rail line for the area.
- A Park-and-Ride station at Edginswell.
- Battery electric operation.
- A Turn-Up-and-Go frequency of four tph, between Exeter St. Davids and Churston.
- Two tph between Exmouth and Churston.
- One tph between London Paddington and Churston.
- One tph between Manchester Piccadilly and Churston.
It may be that some trains will turn back at Paignton or Goodrington Sands.
There are certainly a lot of possibilities.
Trains Are The New Age Planes
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on Seeking Alpha.
It is an article well worth a read about the future development of railways in the United States.
Pancreatic Cancer Deaths Around The World
This data is from a web site called World Life Expectancy.
My son died at just 37 and if I can save one person’s family, from the same anguish, that I have suffered, it would have been worth it.
The data is World Health Organisation data from 2018, and the figures shown are as follows.
- Age adjusted death rate per 100,000 of the population
- World ranking
- Rating in the country of pancreatic cancer amongst all deaths.
The country name links to the data.
- Argentina – 7.78 – 31 – 16
- Armenia – 10.34 – 3 – 15
- Australia – 6.25 – 50 – 13
- Austria – 9.13 – 10 – 12
- Bangladesh – 0.77 – 176 – >50
- Barbados – 7.99 – 22 – 22
- Belgium – 7.34 – 38 – 12
- Bulgaria – 7.91 – 25 – 15
- Cambodia – 1.79 – 139 – 48
- Canada – 6.40 – 47 – 13
- China – 4.07 – 85 – 22
- Cote d’Ivoire – 3.81 – 88 – 48
- Croatia – 8.05 – 18 – 15
- Cyprus – 6.50 – 45 – 15
- Czech Republic – 9.89 – 5 – 14
- Denmark – 8.51 – 16 – 12
- Estonia – 9.26 – 6 – 15
- Ethiopia – 1.16 – 165 – >50
- Finland – 8.78 – 11 – 11
- France – 7.92 – 24 – 10
- Germany – 8.68 – 14 – 13
- Greece – 7.36 – 37 – 10
- Haiti – 2.99 – 107 – 42
- Hungary – 11.35 – 1 – 13
- Iceland – 9.21 – 7 – 10
- India – 1.63 – 146 – >50
- Iran – 2.28 – 128 – 27
- Iraq – 1.39 – 99 – 37
- Ireland – 6.83 – 40 – 14
- Israel – 9.18 – 8 – 12
- Italy – 7.41 – 36 – 10
- Japan – 8.74 – 12 – 10
- Laos – 1.15 – 167 – >50
- Latvia – 6.72 – 13 – 14
- Lithuania – 8.21 – 19 – 15
- Luxembourg – 8.15 – 20 – 12
- Malta – 10.01 – 4 – 11
- Netherlands – 8.38 – 17 – 11
- New Zealand – 5.69 – 53 – 15
- Niger – 1.77 – 142 – 50
- Nigeria – 2.30 – 120 – >50
- Norway – 7.78 – 30 – 11
- Pakistan – 0.51 – 182 – >50
- Russia – 7.86 – 29 – 20
- Slovakia – 9.17 – 9 – 14
- Slovenia – 8.55 – 15 – 12
- South Africa – 4.89 – 71 – 33
- South Korea – 6.75 – 42 – 15
- Spain – 6.32 – 49 – 11
- Sweden – 8.15 – 21 – 12
- Switzerland – 7.49 – 34 – 11
- United Kingdom – 6.55 – 44 – 14
- United States – 7.96 – 23 – 17
- Uruquay – 10.72 – 2 – 15
- Vietnam – 0.75 – 178 – 50
These are a few of my thoughts.
The Top Ten Countries
These are the top ten countries.
- Hungary
- Uruguay
- Armemia
- Malta
- Czech Republic
- Estonia
- Iceland
- Israel
- Slovakia
- Austria
The full list is on the World Life Expectancy web site.
From the top ten, it looks to me, that pancreatic cancer seems to be common in the old Austro-Hungarian Empire.
I also think there could be a Jewish connection.
In the history of Jews in the Austro-Hungarian Empire on Wikipedia, this is an extract, that talks about Jews around 1900.
In that period, the majority of Jews in Austria-Hungary lived in small towns (shtetls) in Galicia and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest and Prague. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about five percent, Jews made up nearly eighteen percent of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of Austria-Hungary as a golden era of their history.
That doesn’t sound like they were suffering large amounts of anti-semitism, as they had for a long time in the Baltic States and East Prussia, where my ancestor emigrated to England around 1800.
I need some help here from a Jewish historian.
But the statistics and geography are indicating to me, that Jews from the Austro-Hungarian Empire could have chosen to emigate through the Balkans to Palestine, when they saw the way the tide was turning after World War One.
I know a bit about life in Palestine in the 1930s, because at one period of my life, my next-door neighbour was a retired British Officer, who was stationed in the country. He was actually in the King David Hotel, when it was blown up. Charles is long-dead now, but I wished I’d recorded his memories, as in today’s Middle East climate, they would be an unusual insight.
But why Iceland, Malta and Uruguay?
Ireland And The United Kingdom
As could be expected, Ireland and the United Kingdom are fairly close together in the table; at 40 and 44 respectively.
- Just men and the positions are 49 and 51.
- Just women and it’s 37 and 42.
In the tables, Canada and Australia are just below the United Kingdom, with New Zealand a few places further down.
Cambodia, Laos And Vietnam
To a coeliac like me, Cambodia is interesting, as they are reckoned to have the most gluten-free cuisine in the world.
But these three countries, are all in the bottom third of the table, along with some other major countries, whose food has a lot of rice; Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand.
I know gluten affects my health, but if your diet contains little gluten, does that lower, your chance of getting pancreatic cancer?
Net Zero: Alternatives To Hydrogen
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on The Chemical Engineer.
This is the introductory sub-title.
An alternative view for how the UK can achieve net zero for housing and other users, without the wholesale use of hydrogen.
I agree with a lot of what the author says.
- Better insulated houses with heat pumps, battery and thermal storage, and renewable energy.
- The production of green hydrogen for use as a chemical feedstock.
- Biofuels could be promising for heavy haulage, ships and trains.
I do think though, that he ignores, what I think will be a big market for hydrogen – the powering of vehicles like buses, trucks and freight trains in urban areas.
In fact, I believe that the hauling of freight trains, is a classic use for a battery electric locomotive, with a hydrogen-powered range extender.
Read the article!
Edinburgh Waverley Masterplan
The title of this post, is the same as that of this page on the Network Rail web site.
This is the sub-title.
Creating A Vision For The Future Of Waverley Station.
Edinburgh Waverley station has improved it, in the near forty years, I’ve used it, but future growth in traffic will mean more capacity and further improvements will be needed.
The page on the Network Rail web site links to a pdf file, which lays out current thinking, which will go forward for consultation and creation of the final design.
If this results in stations as good as London Bridge and Kings Cross in London, Edinburgh will have the gateway station, that it needs.
Long Train Runnin’
I went to Heathrow today, in a nine car Class 345 train.
Note.
- This service is the replacement for Heathrow Connect.
- My trains left from and returned to Platform 11 in Paddington station. But although perhaps eighty percent of Heathrow Terminal 5 services appear to use this platform, not all do!
At least something is at last going right for Crossrail!
Replacement Of South Western Railway’s Class 158/159 Trains
South Western Railway use Class 158 and Class 159 trains on the following routes.
- London Waterloo and Salisbury (and Yeovil Pen Mill)
- London Waterloo and Exeter St Davids
- Romsey and Salisbury
- Salisbury and Bristol Temple Meads
The two types of train are very similar, with the Class 159 trains being converted from Class 158 trains.
- There are ten two-car Class 158 trains in service with South Western Railway. which have a capacity of around 140 seats
- There are thirty three-car Class 159 trains in service with South Western Railway, which have a capacity of 196 seats
- Each car has a diesel engine driving two axles through a hydraulic transmission.
- Both trains have an operating speed of 90 mph.
- The trains are all around thirty years old.
I took these pictures on my trip to Basingstoke station on Friday, when I rode in nine-car formation of three Class 159 trains both ways.
Note.
- For much of the route between Clapham Junction and Basingstoke, the trains were doing just a few mph short of ninety on the 100 mph route.
- The interiors are fairly spacious and I got a table seat both ways.
As diesel multiple units go, there are worse ones in service in the UK. And I don’t mean Pacers.
Replacement Possibilities
Ideally, these trains should be replaced with zero-carbon trains.
As most of the routes, on which the trains run are not-electrified, there must either be a lot of new third-rail electrification or battery electric trains must be used.
These are my thoughts for the various trains.
Two-Car Class 158 Train
These trains have the following specification.
- Length – 46 metres
- Seats – 140
- Operating Speed – 90 mph
In Converting Class 456 Trains Into Two-Car Battery Electric Trains, I stated that these Class 456 battery electric trains would have the following specification.
- Seats – 113
- Range on Battery Power – 30-40 miles
- Operating Speed – 75 mph
I also felt that as the trains would receive a new AC traction system, that the operating speed could be increased to perhaps 90 mph.
I wouldn’t be surprised to find, that a professional conversion capitalising on Alstom’s work to create the Class 600 hydrogen train, could turn a Class 456 train into a battery electric replacement for a two-car Class 158 train.
Three-Car Class 159 Train
These trains have the following specification.
- Length – 69 metres
- Seats – 196
- Operating Speed – 90 mph
Could these be replaced with a three-car Class 456 battery electric train, lengthened by the addition of a Trailer Car from a Class 321 train, that has been converted to a Class 600 hydrogen train?
As most Class 159 trains probably work in longer formations, this could be a possibility, to replace units working alone.
Two Three-Car Class 159 Trains Working As A Six-Car Formation
These trains have the following specification.
- Length – 138 metres
- Seats – 392
- Operating Speed – 90 mph
This formation would be impossible for Class 456 battery electric trains, so it must be a case for calling up the heavy brigade, in the shape of Hitachi’s Regional Battery Train, which is described in this Hitachi infographic.
A five-car version of this train could have the following specification.
- Length – 130 metres
- Seats – 326
- Range on battery power – 56 miles
- Operating Speed – 100 mph
- It would probably be able to work with both 25 KVAC overhead and 750 VDC third-rail electrification.
Note.
- More seats could probably be fitted if needed.
- Platforms where the trains would work can already accept nine-car Class 159 trains, which are 207 metres long.
- The trains would charge the batteries using the electrification between London Waterloo and Basingstoke.
- Fast Charge facilities would also be needed at some intermediate and terminal stations like Bristol Temple Meads, Exeter St. Davids, Salisbury, Westbury and Yeovil Junction.
- These trains would be ten mph faster than the Class 159 trains and this may enable the saving of a few minutes between London Waterloo and Basingstoke stations.
A six-car version would be possible, if more capacity is needed.
Three Three-Car Class 159 Trains Working As A Nine-Car Formation
These trains have the following specification.
- Length – 207 metres
- Seats – 588
- Operating Speed – 90 mph
An eight-car version of Hitachi’s Regional Battery Train could have the following specification.
- Length – 208 metres
- Seats – 522
- Range on battery power – 56 miles
- Operating Speed – 100 mph
- It would probably be able to work with both 25 KVAC overhead and 750 VDC third-rail electrification.
Note.
- More seats could probably be fitted if needed.
- Platforms where the trains would work can already accept nine-car Class 159 trains, which are 207 metres long.
- The trains would charge the batteries using the electrification between London Waterloo and Basingstoke.
- Fast Charge facilities would also be needed at some intermediate and terminal stations like Bristol Temple Meads, Exeter St. Davids, Salisbury, Westbury and Yeovil Junction.
- These trains would be ten mph faster than the Class 159 trains and this may enable the saving of a few minutes between London Waterloo and Basingstoke stations.
A nine-car version would be possible, if more capacity is needed.
More Capacity Between London Waterloo And Basingstoke
London Waterloo and Basingstoke was very busy before COVID-19 and it needed more capacity.
- All the express passenger trains are capable of 100 mph, with the exception of the diesel Class 158 and Class 159 trains, which can only do 90 mph.
- If these diesel trains were to be replaced by Hitachi’s Regional Battery Trains, these trains will be able to do 100 mph on battery power.
This speed increase will enable faster journey times and increase capacity.
- But between London Waterloo and Basingstoke, they will be using the third-rail electrification.
- Class 800 and Class 801 trains, which are cousins of the Regional Battery Train are currently able to do 125 mph between London Paddington and Swindon and London Kings Cross and Doncaster.
- London and Doncaster is being upgraded to 140 mph running.
So will we see 125 mph running between London Waterloo and Basingstoke? I will be very surprised if we didn’t, before 2030.
Charging The Batteries
Much of the charging of batteries will be performed whilst running on electrified lines.
But as I indicated there will need to be Fast Charge facilities at intermediate and terminal stations.
The Need For A Universal Fast Charge Facility For All Battery Electric Trains
If you look at Salisbury for example, the facility would need to be able handle all types of battery electric trains. So the Government, Network Rail and the Office of Road and Rail must come up with a universal design of charging facility that can be used by all battery electric trains.
Standard UK electrification, which can be either 25 KVAC overhead or 750 VDC third-rail, can obviously be used, as all battery electric trains will be designed to be able to charge the batteries, whilst running on electrified lines.
But a Universal Fast Charge system is surely needed, that can charge every battery electric train running on the UK rail network.
Splash-and-Dash At Yeovil Junction Station
But I believe that trains like Hitachi’s Regional Battery Train, when working long routes like Salisbury and Exeter will need the equivalent of Formula One’s Splash-and-Dash, where a fast pit-stop enabled cars to complete the race in the most economic manner.
If you look at timings between Salisbury and Exeter on Real Time Trains, you find the following.
- Salisbury and Exeter is 88.5 miles
- Salisbury and Yeovil Junction is 39 miles
- Yeovil Junction and Exeter St. Davids is 50 miles
- Trains seem to be timed to wait between 8-14 minutes at Yeovil Junction station.
- At several times during the day the Westbound and Eastbound services pass at Yeovil Junction station.
I would assume the wait and the passing, are so that trains can safely navigate the sections of single-track line, that are a legacy of British Rail’s policy of saving money, that affectively ruined the efficiency of sections of the network.
It would appear that a well-designed Universal Fast Charge facility at Yeovil Junction station could enable battery electric trains to run between Salisbury and Exeter St Davids stations, without any adjustment to the existing timetable.
This Google Map shows Yeovil Junction station.
Note.
- Yeovil Junction station is in the South West corner of the map.
- The West of England Main Line passes East-West through the station.
- The station has two platforms.
- The two lines running North to Yeovil Pen Mill and Westbury stations.
- The line running between the North side and the South-East corner of the map is the Heart of Wessex Line, between Yeovil Pen Mill in the North and Weymouth in the South.
- Most links between the West of England Main Line and the Heart of Wessex Line have been removed.
The station doesn’t appear short of space.
Great Western Railway’s Gloucester And Weymouth Service
If a link between Yeovil Junction station and the Heart of Wessex Line towards Weymouth, this would enable Great Western Railway’s Gloucester and Weymouth service to call at both Yeovil stations, with a reverse at Yeovil Junction.
It would surely, improve the train service for the town of Yeovil.
If in the future, it was desired to run the Gloucester and Weymouth service using a battery electric train, Yeovil Junction station could be used to charge the train’s batteries.
Vivarail’s Fast Charge System
Vivarail’s Fast Charge system has been patented and demonstrated and this could be used with both the battery electric Class 456 train and Hitachi’s Regional Battery Train.
So it could be used as an initial design for a Universal Fast Charge system.
Conclusion
A mix of these battery electric trains could probably replace the Class 158 and 159 trains.
- Two-car Class 456 train
- Three-car Class 456 train
- Five-car Hitachi Regional Battery Train
- Eight-car Hitachi Regional Battery Train
Note.
- Universal Fast Charge facilities would also be needed at some intermediate and terminal stations like Bristol Temple Meads, Exeter St. Davids, Romsey, Salisbury, Westbury and Yeovil Junction.
- Services between London Waterloo and Basingstoke could be faster.
These rebuilt and new trains would fully decarbonise South Western Railway.
The Anonymous Widower 