Open Access Operators And The Lumo Model
In the UK, there are only three established Open Access operators, who run UK train services.
- Grand Central
- Heathrow Express
- Hull Trains
From the 25th of October, they will be joined by Lumo.
We probably don’t think of Heathrow Express as an Open Access operator and as it is effectively a short distance special service with new trains between Heathrow and Paddington, it has its own business model, that may or may not survive.
But how will Lumo and their bold new business model affect Grand Central, Hull Trains and any future Open Access operators?
Grand Central Trains
Grand Central is a well-established Open Access operator.
- They run services between London King’s Cross and Bradford Interchange, Sunderland and several other convenient en-route stations.
- They are owned by Deutsche Bahn.
- They also regularly seem to apply for new routes and extra services.
But they have a big problem fast catching up on them; they have a diesel-only fleet and need to decarbonise.
I also think that all express passenger services on the East Coast Main Line will at some date need to be run by 140 mph trains capable of running with full digital signalling and a degree of Automatic Train Operation.
In Lumo: Why Won’t The New Train Service Stop At Yorkshire Stations?, I said that to continue to be successful, they probably need to embrace the Lumo model and acquire new trains.
I will repeat what I said in the related post.
This would entail.
- The ten diesel Class 180 trains would be replaced by new electric trains.
- The trains would need a 140 mph capability under digital signalling to fit in with the plans of Network Rail, LNER and Lumo to create a top-class high-speed high-capacity East Coast Main Line.
- The trains would need a battery capability as Grand Central’s routes are not fully electrified.
- They could copy Lumo’s green marketing philosophy, ticketing and catering offering.
As to the trains, I’m sure that Hitachi could offer a version of their Intercity Tri-Mode Battery Train, the specification of which is shown in this Hitachi infographic.
The trains would need a range of fifty miles on battery-power.
I have some other thoughts.
Financing
If you look at the finances of decarbonising Grand Central, they would need a new fleet of ten trains, which as Lumo’s fleet of five trains are reported to be costing £100 million, so that figure can be at least doubled.
There would also be costs for the two charging systems at Bradford Interchange and Sunderland. But at least there are several possible solutions for charging systems, so the price will probably not be more than a few million, if that.
Will Deutsche Bahn be prepared to stump up the extra finance?
A Service To Cleethorpes
In the Wikipedia entry for Grand Central, there is a section which is entitled London Kings Cross to Cleethorpes, which outlines a proposed service.
- It would split and join with the London King’s Cross and Bradford service at Doncaster.
- It would call at Crowle, Scunthorpe, Barnetby, Habrough and Grimsby.
- Doncaster and Cleethorpes is 52.1 miles and should be in range of a Battery-electric train with a charging system at Cleethorpes.
Using current times from LNER and TransPennine Express, I estimate that Hitachi Intercity Tri-Mode Battery Trains could travel between London and Cleethorpes in around two hours and twenty minutes.
With digital signalling on the East Coast Main Line to the South of Doncaster, the overall time could be much closer to two hours.
This could be a very viable service with battery-electric trains capable of running at 140 mph on the East Coast Main Line and for sixty miles at 100 mph on battery power.
Maximising The Use Use Of Train Paths By The Use Of Splitting And Joining
The proposed service to Cleethorpes is a classic use of splitting and joining, which enables two separate services to run a large part of their routes together.
- On the East Coast Main Line, it means that maximum use can be made of the paths available.
- Splitting and joining is part of the specification for the Hitachi trains and they do it automatically in under two minutes.
- LNER are already talking about using the technique to serve various destinations from Leeds.
I wouldn’t rule out Grand Central’s two services working as a pair between London King’s Cross and Doncaster, where they would split and join.
Conclusion On Grand Central Trains
Decarbonisation with high-speed battery-electric trains could ensure the future of Grand Central Trains.
Hull Trains
Hull Trains is another well-established Open Access operator.
- They run services between London King’s Cross and Hull and Beverley.
- They have a fleet of five bi-mode Class 802 trains.
- The company is part of First Group.
Hull Trains don’t have the decarbonisation problem of Grand Central Trains, as I suspect Hitachi will come up with a solution to turn Class 802 trains into a battery-electric train with a range of perhaps seventy miles on battery power.
- Beverley and Temple Hirst junction is a distance of 44.3 miles and is the only section of the route without electrification.
- Charging of the batteries will be needed at the Eastern end and probably would be best handled by a short length of electrification in Hull station or between Hull and Brough stations.
The Class 802 trains are also ready for updating to run under the new digital signalling of the East Coast Main Line.
First Harrogate Trains
First Harrogate Trains was a subsidiary of Hull Trains, which hoped to run the following services.
- London King’s Cross and Harrogate via York
- London King’s Cross and Cleethorpes via Peterborough, Spalding and Lincoln
Both these services could be run in conjunction with the current service with an appropriate split and join.
Conclusion On Hull Trains
As both Hull Trains and Lumo share London King’s Cross and are both owned by First Group, I would expect that both train operators would share some services, methods and ideas.
There may be advantages if Hull Trains’s Class 802 trains and Lumo’s Class 803 trains could run each other’s services.
Grand Union
Grand Union is a prospective open access operator who are proposing to operate train services from England to Wales and Scotland.
They are proposing two services.
London Paddington and Cardiff Central via Reading, Bristol Parkway, Severn Tunnel Junction, Newport and Cardiff Parkway, with a possible extension later to Swansea andLlanelli or Carmarthen.
London Euston and Stirling via Milton Keynes Central, Nuneaton, Crewe, Preston, Carlisle, Lockerbie, Motherwell, Whifflet, Greenfaulds and Larbert.
Note.
- London Paddington and Cardiff Central is fully electrified, but there is no electrification West of Cardiff Central.
- Cardiff Central and Swansea are 45.7 miles apart.
- London Euston and Stirling is fully electrified.
Currently, the rolling stock for both services is proposed to be a tri-mode Class 93 locomotive hauling a rake of Mark 4 coaches and a driving van trailer.
The locomotive should be capable of handling the routes to Stirling and Cardiff using the electrification alone.
When the Cardiff route is extended, Grand Union would intend to use Class 802 trains, which could be fitted with batteries to serve Swansea, where the batteries would be charged.
There is no sign as yet, that the Office of Rail and Road have approved any of their possible services, but both services might be improved with some Lumo-style thinking.
Alliance Rail Holdings
Alliance Rail Holdings, which is a sister company to Grand Central, is ultimately owned by Deutsche Bahn, seems to have several ideas for new services, but only seems to have got approval to one.
They were given approval some years ago to run a service between London Euston and Blackpool North.
- Calls would be made at Poulton-le-Fylde, Kirkham and Wesham, Preston, Nuneaton and Milton Keynes Central.
- There will be six trains per day.
- Trains would be InterCity 225 trains.
- The approval is for seven years from 2018.
But because of the pandemic it hasn’t run.
Conclusion
The Lumo model will affect all these services.
Beeching Reversal – Reinstatement Of The Beverley And York Rail Line
This is one of the Beeching Reversal projects that the Government and Network Rail are proposing to reverse some of the Beeching cuts.
The York And Beverley Line does what it says in the name.
A section in the Wikipedia entry is entitled Re-Opening Proposals and the treatment of the trackbed after closure would appear to be a case study in how not to mothball a railway.
- The original route has been built on in several places at Huntingdon, New Earswick, Pocklington and Stamford Bridge.
- A new route will have to be built to connect to the York and Scarborough Line at Haxby.
- There may also be problems at Beverley.
The only positive thing I can see, is that York City Council, want to re-open Haxby station. If this station were to be re-opened with a future-proofed design that might help in the wider scheme of reopening the Beverley and York Line.
This Google Map shows the original location of Haxby station.
Note.
- There is a dreaded level crossing in the middle of the village, that typically has around two trains per hour (tph)
- The road going to the West at the top of the map, is called Station Road, which is a bit of a giveaway.
- The building on the triangular site is called Station garage.
- Some reports on the Internet say that allotments will be turned into car parks.
- According to Wikipedia 22,000 people live within three miles of the station site.
The station site appears to be hemmed in by housing and comments from readers on one report are complaining about car parking being a problem an definitely don’t want the station.
Wikipedia says this about the proposed service on the Beverley and York Line.
The report recommended reinstating a service from Hull via Beverley, Market Weighton, Stamford Bridge and Pocklington connecting to the York to Scarborough Line at Haxby, on a double track line with a frequency of 2 trains per hour, with intermediate stations only at Market Weighton, Pocklington and Stamford Bridge. The estimate journey time was under 1 hour.
As the Beverley and York Line can’t join the York and Scarborough Line in the middle of Haxby, would it join North or South of the town?
Joining to the North would allow the Beverley trains to call at Haxby, but that would mean the level crossing was busy with six tph.
This Google Map shows the countryside between Haxby in the North and Earswick in the South.
Note.
- The York and Scarborough Line going through the centre of Haxby and then passing down the West side of the light brown fields.
- York is to the South and Scarborough is to the North.
I wonder, if the Beverley and York Line could branch to the East here and skirt to the North of Earswick before continuing to Pocklington for Beverley.
Perhaps, a Park-and-Ride station could be situated, where the railway and the road called Landing Lane cross?
At Beverley, this Google Map shows how the Beverley and York Line connects to the station.
Note.
- Beverley station at the bottom of the map.
- The Hull and Scarborough running North-South through the station.
The line divides by Beverley Rugby Football Club, with the trackbed of the Beverley and York Line going off in the North-Westerly direction.
This seems a lot easier than at the York end of the route.
I have flown my virtial helicopter over much of the route between Beverley and York, and the trackbed is visible but missing in places, where construction has taken place.
Would The Route Be Single Or Double-Track?
The plans call for double track, but would it be necessary?
- There will only be two tph, that will take under an hour.
- No freight trains will use the line.
- The route is 32 miles long.
I suspect a single track would suffice, with a passing loop at Market Weighton station.
Should The Line Be Electrified?
I wouldn’t electrify the whole line, but I would electrify the following.
- Hull and Beverley, so that battery trains to and from London could top up their batteries.
- Haxby and York, so that battery trains to and from Scarborough could top up their batteries.
These two short stretches of electrification would allow battery electric operation between Hull and York, trains could charge their batteries at either end of the route.
Electrification Between Hull And Beverley
Consider.
- Hull Trains extend their London and Hull services to Beverley.
- Hull and Beverley are just over eight miles apart.
- Trains to and from London Kings Cross use the electrification on the East Coast Main Line to the South of Temple Hirst Junction.
- Hull and Temple Hirst Junction are thirty-six miles apart.
- Hull Trains and LNER use Hitachi Class 800 or Class 802 electro-diesel trains on services between London Kings Cross and Hull.
Hitachi’s proposed battery-electric conversion of these trains, would have a range of 56 miles, according to this infographic.
I have flown my helicopter along the route and counted the following.
- Level crossings – 5
- Modern road bridges – 5
- Footbridges – 5
- Other bridges – 5
- Stations – 1
Nothing looked too challenging.
In my view electrification between Hull and Beverley and at convenient platforms at both stations, would be a simple way of decarbonising rail travel between London and Hull.
If this electrification were to be installed, distances from the electrification between Hull and Beverley, these would be the distances to be covered on battery power to various places.
- Bridlington – 23 miles
- Doncaster via Goole – 41 miles
- Leeds – 52 miles
- Neville Hill Depot – 49 miles
- Scarborough – 45 miles
- York – 52 miles
Note.
- All of these places would be in range of a fully-charged Hitachi battery electric train running to and from Hull.
- Of the destinations, only Bridlington and Scarborough, is not a fully-electrified station.
- One of the prerational problems in the area, is that due to a lack of electrification to the East of Neville Hall Depot, electric trains from York and Hull have difficulty reaching the depot. Trains with a battery capability won’t have this problem.
- Hull and Beverley and a lot of stations in the area, would only be served by electric trains, with a battery capability.
There would be a large decrease in pollution and emissions caused by passenger trains in the area.
Electrification Between Haxby And York
Consider.
- York and Haxby are 4 miles apart.
- York and Scarborough are 42 miles apart.
- York and Beverley are 32 miles apart.
Note that unlike at Beverley, there is no need to electrify the end of the route, as trains can be charged in the turnround at York.
With a charging facility at Scarborough, the Class 802 trains of TransPennine Express could work this route if fitted with batteries.
Could Lightweight Electrification Be Used?
Electrification gantries like these have been proposed for routes, where the heavy main-line gantries would be too intrusive.
They could have a place in the rebuilding of lines like Beverley and York.
Trains Between York And Beverley
The UK’s railways need to be decarbonised before 2040.
As a train delivered today, would probably last forty years, I think it would be prudent to only introduce zero-carbon trains to the network, where they are able to run the proposed services.
There is no doubt in my mind, that all these local services in East Yorkshire could be run using battery-electric trains with a 56 mile range.
- Hull and Doncaster
- Hull and Leeds
- Hull and Neville Hill Depot
- Hull and Scarborough
- Hull and York via Beverley and Market Weighton
- Hull and York via Selby
- York and Scarborough
The only electrification needed would be as follows.
Electrification between Hull and Beverley.
Electrification of some platforms at Beverley and Hull stations.
Some form of charging at Scarborough.
Charging may also be needed at Bridlington station.
The trains needed for the route seem to fit Hitachi’s specification well and a Class 385 train to the following specification, would do a highly capable job.
- Three or four-cars.
- Batteries for a 56 mile range.
- 90-100 mph operating speed.
I’m also sure that Bombardier, CAF and Stadler could also provide a suitable train.
Could Tram-Trains Be Used?
I feel that they could be used successfully and might enable cost savings on the substantial rebuilding of the route needed.
- Lighter weight structures.
- Single track with passing places.
- Tramway electrification or battery.
- Less vidual intrusion.
- The service could also have more stops.
Perhaps too, it could go walkabout in Hull City Centre to take passengers to and from Hull station.
Conclusion
It is rebuilding the tracks between Beverley and York, that will be difficult in the reopening of this line, which with hindsight should have not been vandalised by British Rail.
But even, if the Beverley and York Line is not re-opened, it does look that if Beverley and Hull were to be electrified, it would enable a network of battery electric zero-carbon trains in East Yorkshire and allow battery electric trains to run between Kings Cross and Hull.
The Anonymous Widower 