Consultation On Offshore Wind Reform: Hydrogen Sector Calls For Hybrid Connection Concepts And Warns Of Compensation Risks
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the AquaVentus web site.
There is this statement on the home page.
Berlin, January 02 2026. In the context of the consultation launched by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWE) on the reform of the Wind Energy at Sea Act (WindSeeG), the hydrogen initiative AquaVentus is calling for clear legislative action to enable a cost-efficient and system-friendly development of offshore wind energy. At the heart of its position is the timely legal establishment of hybrid connection concepts, allowing offshore wind farms to be connected via both electricity cables and hydrogen pipelines.
Note.
- I’ve always felt that copying proven technologies from the offshore oil and gas industry is good practice.
- It may be easier to recycle infrastructure like pipelines, platforms and storage by creating the hydrogen offshore.
- In the UK, Centrica and SSE are already re-purposing natural gas storage for hydrogen.
It may feel safer to some for the hydrogen to be produced a distance offshore.
Offshore Wind Turbines In 2025: China Continues Leading In Single-Unit Capacity, Vestas’s 15 MW Turbine Installed At Offshore Wind Farms
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
In offshoreWIND.biz‘s 2024 annual wind turbine overview, you could have read about the first 16 MW floating wind platform installed offshore and a 26 MW prototype under construction, both in China, and a 21 MW prototype being assembled in Europe. Wind turbine generator (WTG) technology did not stop progressing in 2025, with Chinese OEMs still leading capacity-wise, while in Europe, first offshore wind farms are now featuring 15 MW turbines and a 21+ MW model was installed onshore for testing.
The article is very much a must-read and there is a lot of innovation going on.
As a comparison, between 2020 and 2026 we commissioned or are building these offshore wind farms in the UK.
- East Anglia One – 2000 – 714 MW – 102 x 7 MW
- Hornsea One – 2020 – 1218 MW – 174 x 7 MW
- Kincardine – 2021 – 49.5 MW – 6 x floating
- Hornsea Two – 2022 – 1386 MW – 165 x 8 MW
- Moray East – 2022 – 950 MW – 100 x 9.5 MW
- Triton Knoll – 2022 – 857 MW – 90 x 9.5 MW
- Seagreen Phase 1 – 2023 – 1400 MW – 114 x 10 MW
- Dogger Bank A – 2025 – 1235 MW – 95 x 13 MW
- Moray West – 2025 – 882 MW – 60 x 14 MW
- Neart Na Gaoithe – 2025 – 450 MW – 54 x 8 MW
- Dogger Bank B – 2026 – 1235 MW – 95 x 13 MW
- East Anglia 3 – 2026 – 1372 – 95 x 14 MW
- Sofia – 2026 – 1400 MW – 100 x 14 MW
Average sizes for the various years are as follows.
- 2020 – 7 MW
- 2021 – floating
- 2022 – 8-9.5 MW
- 2023 – 10 MW
- 2025 – 8-14 MW
- 2026 – 13-14 MW
It can clearly be seen that in the last few years, turbines have been getting bigger.
I have some thoughts on the article.
2025 Saw Some Plans For And Installations Of Some Very Large Turbines
These four monsters were mentioned at the start of the article.
- 26 MW – Prototype installed for testing (China)
- 21.5 MW – Prototype installed for testing (Europe)
- 15 MW Installed at offshore wind farms (Europe)
- 50 MW Twin-turbine platform; Announced (China)
- MingYang Turbines to Spin on Hexicon’s Floating Offshore Wind Project
- World’s First Offshore Wind Farm Using 16 MW Turbines Enters Construction In China
- The Secret Of The TwinHub
- Hexicon Wins UK’s First Ever CfD Auction For Floating Offshore Wind
- The Chinese seem to be providing turbines for both manufacturers.
- The TwinHub is the Swedish design, being built for trial in Cornwall.
- This new design is a 50 MW design, whereas these two are 32 MW.
US Offshore Wind Developer Sues Gov’t Over Stop-Work Order
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading
Dominion Energy has filed a federal lawsuit challenging the Trump administration’s stop-work order issued on 22 December that directed all major US offshore wind projects under construction to pause while federal agencies review alleged national security risks, AP and US media report.
This paragraph adds more detail.
In its complaint filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on 23 December, Dominion argues the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) order is “arbitrary and capricious” and violates constitutional and statutory limits on executive action.
I’m no lawyer, but I did have some excellent executive active with my late lawyer wife, so I get the gist of what is hinted.
I would not be happy, if I was an American citizen, who had to pick u[ the costs of Trump’s misdemeanours.
Google AI Is Using This Blog
This is a screen-shot from Google.
I had asked Google AI this question “Are Centrica going to provide bunkering services for low carbon shipping?”
Google AI gave me this answer.
Yes, Centrica is actively exploring and planning to provide bunkering services for low-carbon fuels, particularly LNG, with future potential for hydrogen and ammonia at its Isle of Grain terminal, positioning itself as a key player in the energy transition for shipping.
Key Developments & Plans:
- Isle of Grain Terminal: Centrica’s acquisition and development of the Grain LNG terminal is central to this strategy, with plans to expand its capabilities for bunkering various low-carbon fuels.
- Low-Carbon Fuels Focus: While currently handling LNG, Centrica sees future opportunities for hydrogen and ammonia bunkering at the terminal, aligning with the maritime sector’s shift away from heavy fuel oil.
- Strategic Investment: Centrica views LNG as a crucial transition fuel and is investing in infrastructure to support its role in energy security and decarbonization, including for shipping.
- Bio-LNG Involvement: Through its stake in Gasrec, Centrica is also supporting renewable LNG for road transport, indicating broader interest in sustainable gas fuels.
US Government Sends Stop Work Order To All Offshore Wind Projects Under Construction
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
The US Department of Interior has paused the leases and suspended construction at all large-scale offshore wind projects currently under construction in the United States, citing ”national security risks identified by the Department of War in recently completed classified reports.”
The wind farms named are.
- Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind-Commercial – 2,600 GW
- Empire Wind 1 – 810 MW
- Revolution Wind – 704 MW
- Sunrise Wind – 924 MW
- Vineyard Wind 1 – 806 MW
Note.
- These five wind farms total 5,844 MW or 5.8 GW.
- The Empire Wind development is being led by Equinor, who are Norwegian.
- The Revolution Wind and Sunrise Wind developments are being led by Ørsted, who are Danish.
- The Vineyard Wind development is being led by Iberdrola, who are Spanish and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, who are Danish.
- Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind project uses 176 Siemens Gamesa SG 14-222 DD (Direct Drive) offshore wind turbines.
- Empire 1 Wind is using Vestas V236-15MW offshore wind turbines.
- Revolution Wind is using 65 Siemens Gamesa SG 11.0-200 DD offshore wind turbines.
- Sunrise Wind is using Siemens Gamesa wind turbines, specifically their 8.0 MW models (SG 8.0-167).
- Vineyard 1 Wind is using General Electric (GE) Haliade-X 13 MW offshore wind turbines.
- Some of the components for the Siemens wind turbines will be manufactured in Virginia.
- Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind has a budget of $11.2-3 billion.
- Empire 1 Wind has a budget of $5 billion.
- Resolution Wind has a budget of $4 billion.
- Sunrise Wind has a budget of $5.3 billion.
- Vineyard 1 Wind has a budget of $4 billion.
There will only be one winner in this new round of the ongoing spat between Trump and the wind industry, that he hates so much – the 1.3 million active lawyers in the United States,which is a figure from according to Google AI.
UK Gov’t Tweaking CfD Rules Ahead Of 8th Allocation Round, Proposes ‘Other Deepwater Offshore Wind’ Category
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
The UK government has launched a consultation on proposed refinements to the Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme ahead of Allocation Round 8 (AR8) and future rounds, including targeted changes to the terms concerning offshore wind and floating wind projects.
These two paragraphs add more details.
The consultation, published by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, seeks industry feedback on contractual and eligibility adjustments, some of which are intended to reflect the increasing scale and complexity of offshore wind developments, specifically floating and other deepwater projects.
For floating offshore wind, the government is proposing changes to CfD contract terms to better align with the technology’s development timelines. These include a proposed extension of the Longstop Period to give floating wind projects more time to commission and avoid termination of their CfD contract.
The government also wants to lower the Required Installed Capacity (RIC) threshold for floating offshore wind projects.
Currently, all CfD technologies are required to deliver a minimum of 95 per cent of the capacity they have contractually agreed to install, except for (fixed-bottom) offshore wind, whose RIC is set at 85 per cent to reflect the construction risks, such as encountering unsuitable seabed conditions after work has commenced. As floating wind projects, which were so far in the range of 100 MW, have grown in scale and complexity, the government plans to apply the same RIC requirement as for fixed-bottom offshore wind.
The CfD scheme currently supports two categories of offshore wind technology: fixed-bottom offshore wind and floating offshore wind, with the regulations in use (Allocation Regulations 2014) considering only the foundation designs that float to be floating offshore wind. With the ODOW category, the government wants to make room for the novel hybrid foundation designs, “which may be suitable for deepwater deployment but do not technically float and would therefore not be considered eligible as ‘floating foundations’ under the existing legal definition of ‘floating offshore wind’.”
This last paragraph sums up the reasons for the changes.
The proposed refinements are intended to ensure the CfD scheme remains fit for purpose as offshore wind technologies evolve, while maintaining investor confidence and supporting timely project delivery.
Hopefully developments at ports like Belfast, East Anglia, Inverness & Cromarty FreePort,Lowestoft and Tyne will encourage to develop wind farms around the shores of the UK.
The Liquid Air Alternative To Fossil Fuels
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the BBC.
This is the sub-heading.
An overlooked technology for nearly 50 years, the first liquid air energy storage facility is finally set to power up in 2026. It’s hoping to compete with grid-scale lithium batteries and hydro to store clean power, and reduce the need to fall back on fossil fuels.
These three introductory paragraphs add more details.
s the world’s use of renewable electricity soars, surpassing coal for the first time, the need to store that energy when the Sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing is growing in step. While some turn to grid-scale lithium batteries and others to pumped hydro, a small but growing industry is convinced there’s a better solution still: batteries that rely on air.
Near the village of Carrington in north-west England, the foundations are being laid for the world’s first commercial-scale liquid air energy storage facility. The site will eventually become an array of industrial machinery and a number of large storage tanks, filled with air that has been compressed and cooled so much it has become a liquid, using renewable energy surplus to demand. The stored energy can be discharged later when demand exceeds supply.
If the project succeeds, more will follow. The site’s developers Highview Power are confident that liquid air energy storage will make it easier for countries to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy – though at present, the technology is expensive. But as the need for clean energy storage surges, they’re betting the balance will tip in favour of liquid air.
Where this article about Highview Power is different, as it gives various details on the efficiency, return and of liquid air energy storage systems.
CIP’s UK Offshore Wind Project Granted Development Consent
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
The UK Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero has approved the Development Consent Order (DCO) for the Morecambe offshore wind farm in the Irish Sea, owned by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP).
The article also shows this map from Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners.
Note.
- The 480 MW Morecambe wind farm is shown in yellow.
- The 1.5 GW Morgan wind farm received its DCO in August 2025.
- The 1.5 GW Mona wind farm received its DCO in July 2025.
- Both Morgan and Mona wind farms are being developed by a consortium of EnBW and JERA Nex bp.
- Morgan and Morecambe wind farms will connect to the grid at Penwortham substation.
- Mona wind farm will connect to the grid at Bodelwyddan National Grid substation in Denbighshire, North Wales.
- Morgan and Morecambe wind farms appear to be being developed jointly.
I must admit, I’m a bit surprised that Mona doesn’t connect to Penwortham substation.
French Companies Unite On Superconducting Cable Project For Distant Offshore Wind Farms
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
Air Liquide, CentraleSupélec, ITP Interpipe, Nexans, and RTE have joined forces to develop a project that connects distant offshore wind farms to shore via a High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) superconducting transmission system.
This introductory paragraph adds some detail.
The SupraMarine demonstrator project will study the electrical connection between offshore wind farms and the coastline using High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables. Cooled by liquid nitrogen, the cables are said to transport electricity with near-zero energy loss.
Note.
- No details of the target distances are indicated.
- There is a detailed exploratory diagram.
It is certainly an ambitious project, but I feel it could have substantial uses.
I have a few thoughts and questions.
Can Sodium Metal Be Used For High Voltage Electrical Underground Cables?
Google AI answers this question as follows.
Yes, sodium metal was investigated and used in trial runs for high-voltage underground electrical cables in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as a potentially cheaper and more flexible alternative to copper and aluminum. However, it is not in common use today due to safety concerns and unfavorable lifecycle economics compared to aluminum.
When I was at ICI around 1970, they were researching the use of sodium for high voltage power cables.
- ICI had access to large amount of sodium chloride in Cheshire.
- The sodium metal can be obtained by electrolysis.
- Renewable electricity for electrolysis will be plentiful.
- Someone told me that their prototype cable was a polythene pipe with Sodium metal in the middle.
- I’ve read somewhere that sodium cables have interesting safe overload properties.
- I can understand the safety concerns and unfavorable lifecycle economics, especially where water is concerned.
Perhaps, French technology has improved in the sixty years?
Will Sodium Metal Be Used In The French Superconducting Cable?
Nothing has been disclosed!
But the office chat at ICI from those, who knew their sodium and their polythene, as they’d been working at ICI Mond Division for decades, was of the opinion that sodium/polythene cables were possible!
From The Diagram, It Looks Like Power Is Needed At Both Ends Of The Superconducting Cable
The diagram shows wind turbines at one end and the grid at the other end of the cable.
So will a battery or some other form of stabilisation be needed for when the wind isn’t blowing?
Will The French Superconducting Cable Have A High Capacity?
The basic capacity of a cable depends on three properties.
- The resistance of the cable.
- The cross-section area of the cable.
- The design of the cable must also be able too conduct away the heat generated by electricity flowing through.
Will The Technology Work For Interconnectors?
I don’t see why not!
US Judge Overturns Trump’s Ban On Wind Energy Project Permits
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on offshoreWIND.biz.
This is the sub-heading.
A federal judge has struck down the US President Donald Trump’s indefinite halt of all federal approvals and permitting for new wind energy projects.
Trump is obviously very strong in his opposition to wind power, as he issued the ”Wind Order” on his first day back in office.
He received this robust reply from Oceantic Network CEO Liz Burdock.
Today’s decision is welcome news, not just for the thousands of American workers and businesses across 40 states supporting offshore wind in the U.S., but also for the critical relief the wind industry will provide to lower skyrocketing electricity prices for millions of American families with reliable, affordable power.
Overturning the unlawful blanket halt to offshore wind permitting activities is needed to achieve our nation’s energy and economic priorities of bringing more power online quickly, improving grid reliability, and driving billions of new American steel manufacturing and shipbuilding investments. We thank the Attorneys General and the Alliance for Clean Energy New York for taking this case forward to protect American business interests against the politicization of our energy sector.
I don’t think we’ve heard the last of this legal argument.
The Anonymous Widower 