Rolls-Royce Secures Deal For ŠKODA-Made Hardware To Drive The Next Generation Of Nuclear Power Stations
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on techradar.
These three bullet-points act as sub-headings.
- Critical safety hardware for an upcoming range of Rolls-Royce’s turbine-equipped nuclear power stations is being provided by ŠKODA JS
- The Czech company will provide safety mechanisms for 470 MW reactors
- ŠKODA JS was bought by the Czech Republic’s state-backed electric power company ČEZ in 2022, removing it from its previous Russian owner, OMZ
These three paragraphs add more details.
Development of new nuclear plants based around Rolls-Royce turbines will feature critical safety hardware from ŠKODA JS, it has been announced. The Czechia-based company – once part of the old ŠKODA Works organization – will design and manufacture the Control Rod Drive Mechanisms, which are vital for regulating output and handling safety in emergencies.
The Rolls-Royce SMR (small modular reactor, but also referred to as UK SMR) is a reactor capable of outputting 470 MW of energy. That’s the equivalent of 150 onshore wind turbines, and offers a low-carbon, always on, and virtually invisible alternative to landscape-spoiling steel and fiberglass constructions.
Competition for nuclear hardware expertise is strong across Europe, and ŠKODA JS is considered a “tier-one” supplier. The deal is expected to be worth Kč 1 billion Czech Koruna (around £35 million) per Rolls-Royce power station.
In Clean, Affordable Energy For All, I said, I wouldn’t be surprised to see other countries join both projects, if they have something to offer. It looks like Skoda is a partner for Rolls-Royce.
Memorandum Of Understanding
The article also mentions a Memorandum of Understanding and says this.
Announcement of the ŠKODA JS built Control Rod Drive Mechanisms (CRDMs) follows an earlier Memorandum of Understanding with Rolls-Royce, in which the British company developed plans to develop sites in the Czech Republic, enabling deployment of up to 3GW of power.
That looks like the Czech Republic could be looking at six Rolls-Royce SMRs.
Conclusion
I must admit that I was a bit surprised that Rolls-Royce had gone to Skoda for such a critical component.
Consider.
- But in the 1960s, I put control systems on old machinery and you have to get it right.
- Skoda have probably worked with a lot of second-grade Russian hardware, so they make sure it works.
- Skoda are probably honoured to be working on such a prestige project.
- It might even be a tactic employed by Rolls-Ryce to get the best out of suppliers.
So long as it results in a safe and reliable reactor, who cares?
Are Bodies Cleverer Than We Think?
Because, I had a serious stroke thirteen years ago, I am on Warfarin for life to thin my blood, so that I don’t have another stroke.
INR is short for International Normalized Ratio, which diverts on Wikipedia to the Wikipedia entry for Prothrombin Time, where these is the first two paragraphs.
The prothrombin time (PT) – along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) – is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR. They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in such things as the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage, and vitamin K status. PT measures the following coagulation factors: I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V (proaccelerin), VII (proconvertin), and X (Stuart–Prower factor).
PT is often used in conjunction with the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) which measures the intrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation.
That is very technical and complicated, but what does it mean practically?
Those on Warfarin to thin their blood are generally supposed to keep their INR between 2 and 3.
I test the INR myself with a Coaguchek meter from Roche and have done so for nearly ten years.
Every, so often, I discuss the level of Warfarin with my GP and we adjust the level accordingly.
Typically, NHS patients on Warfarin have their INR checked every few weeks.
But as I am a Graduate Control Engineer, who has written control strategies for chemical plants, I feel this checking every few weeks, is not enough.
At times, I have checked at a higher frequency.
Four times, I have had minor operations.With the first operation, I agreed with the surgeon, that I would lower my INR to 2.1 for the operation and raise it back to 2.5 after the operation.
It all went well and I repeated the exercise for the three other minor operations.
I have checked daily since about the beginning of April, before which, I generally tested on Mondays and Thursdays.
There were two reasons for the change of frequency.
- Regular storms seemed to roll in and for some reason, they tended to lower my INR.
- I also wrote Do Thunderstorms Cause Strokes?, after reading a paper from the United States about the relationship between thunderstorms and strokes.
So I took the prudent decision to test my INR daily.
Then on the 30th May, disaster struck.
My Coaguchek meter found out it had the wrong firmware and Roche implored me to change it.
But I am not a hardware person, so I was left unable to check my INR.
Luckily, I remembered a story from the 1960s about one of ICI’s chemical plants.
This plant was one of the first fully-digitally controlled plants controlled by an IBM 1800 computer.
It also ran 24 hours a day, seven days week.
So in the middle of the night, the plant operators got out all the computer printouts, which showed how the computer had set all the valves and controllers.
One-by-one they reset all the controls on the plant to the settings that the computer had used for the last few days.
Using, this computer-assisted mode the plant was kept running, until engineers could fix the computer.
On the 30th May, my INR was a little bit high at 2.9 and I was using a dosage of Warfarin of 4 mg. one day and 3.5 mg. the next.
The strange dosage was one, that I know from experiment over time produces an INR of 2.5.
My actual average Warfarin dose was 3.73 over the last thirty days and my INR, as measured most days was 2.6 over the same period.
So, I did what the engineers did on the chemical plant, kept calm and carried on.
Yesterday my son fixed the Coaguchek meter and I was able to take my first reading for 17 days. It was 2.7 and only 0.1 higher than the 30-day average on the 30th May.
I had successfully jumped the gap in the readings.
Conclusion
Most systems have an equilibrium. Make sure you know it.
